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2015年, 第45卷, 第12期　刊出日期：2015-12-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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脂肪酸皂体系的相行为及其稳定性研究 Phase behavior and stability of fatty acid soap systems 李芳芳, 陈明华, 张婉萍 2015 (12):  661-669.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.001 摘要 ( 437 )   PDF(1484KB) ( 582 )   研究了单一脂肪酸形成的皂基体系、2种和3种脂肪酸复配形成的皂基体系的相行为及其稳定性,同时研究了添加剂甘油对2种和3种脂肪酸复配形成的皂基体系的相行为及其稳定性的影响。结果表明,月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸之间2种或3种复配形成的皂基体系可改变单一脂肪酸形成的皂基体系的相行为。甘油的加入也可使复配脂肪酸皂体系胶束相的范围变大,部分胶束和晶体两相变为胶束和层状两相。 Phase behavior and stability of soap base systems made of single fatty acid as well as blends of two and three kinds of fatty acid separately were studied.The influence of addition of glycerin on phase behavior and stability of the soap base systems were also discussed.Results showed that the phase behavior of soap base systems formed by two or three kinds of fatty acid (lauric,myristic,palmitic and stearic) may change that of soap base system of single fatty acid.Meanwhile,the addition of glycerin may also enlarge the region of micelle phase of the soap base system of the blended fatty acids,and part of micelle and crystal two phases changes into micelle and laminar two phases. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(Ⅹ ⅩⅢ)——表面活性剂在医药中的应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅹ ⅩⅢ) Application of surfactants in medicine 周雅文, 刘金凤, 贾美娟, 赵莉, 徐宝财 2015 (12):  670-673.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.002 摘要 ( 413 )   PDF(721KB) ( 522 )   综述了表面活性剂在药物制剂、药物合成和药物分析中的应用。表面活性剂具有乳化、润湿、增溶、渗透和助溶等功能,在各类药物制剂中作为重要助剂可以提高药品的性能和质量。介绍了表面活性剂作为相转移催化剂用于药物合成和作为增溶、增敏剂用于药物分析中。最后对表面活性剂在医药领域的应用进行了总结和展望。 The application of surfactants in pharmaceutical preparations,drug synthesis and pharmaceutical analysis were introduced.As an important assistant in many kinds of pharmaceutical preparations,surfactants,which have the function of emulsifying,wetting,solubilization,infiltration and co-solving,improve the performance and quality of drugs.Surfactants also can be used as the phase transfer catalyst in the synthesis of drugs and the solubilizer and sensitizer in the analysis of drugs.Finally,the application of surfactants in the field of medicine was summarized and prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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磺酸盐双子表面活性剂乙撑-双(N-乙磺酸-十二酰胺)钠盐的合成与性能 Synthesis and performance of Gemini surfactant bis-(sodium N-ethylene dodecylamide ethyl sulfonate) 汪萍, 沈勇, 张惠芳, 朱堂龙 2015 (12):  674-679.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.003 摘要 ( 216 )   PDF(861KB) ( 332 )   以乙二胺、月桂酸、三氯化磷和2-溴乙基磺酸钠等为原料,制备磺酸盐双子表面活性剂乙撑-双(N-乙磺酸-十二酰胺)钠盐,对其中间体合成工艺进行优化,对产物结构进行表征,并对其相关性能如表面活性、起泡性以及乳化性进行测定。结果表明:该表面活性剂的水溶液在24 ℃条件下,其临界胶束浓度(cmc)为0.53 mmol/L,相应表面张力(γcmc)为29.73 mN/m,该表面活性剂的表面活性、起泡性以及乳化性较好。 Gemini surfactant bis-(sodium N-ethylene dodecylamide ethyl sulfonate) was prepared with ethylenediamine,lauric acid,phosphorus trichloride and sodium 2-bromo ethyl sulfonate as starting materials.The process conditions for synthesis of the intermediate were optimized and the structure of the final product was characterized.Performance of the final product,such as surface activity,foaming power and emulsifying power were measured.Results showed that aqueous solution of the final product at 24 ℃,the critical micelle concentration (cmc) value is 0.53 mmol/L,γcmc is 29.73 mN/m.It displays good surface activity,foaming power,and emulsifying power. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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羧基和磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成与溶液性质研究 Synthesis and properties of carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine surfactants 刘玉, 郑延成, 韩贺祥, 金梦芽, 何志 2015 (12):  680-684.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.004 摘要 ( 304 )   PDF(821KB) ( 342 )   以棕榈酸和N,N-二甲基丙二胺为主要原料通过酰胺化缩合反应合成棕榈酰胺中间体,再分别与氯乙酸钠和3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠经季铵化反应,合成棕榈酰胺二甲胺羧基甜菜碱(C16ZC)和棕榈酰胺二甲胺羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(C16ZS),测定了无机盐、温度对表面活性剂的表面张力(γ)和临界胶束浓度(cmc)的影响,用Gibbs胶束公式计算了表面性能参数,并探讨了无机盐对表面活性剂溶液黏度的影响。实验结果表明,C16ZC的cmc低于C16ZS,无机盐的加入对C16ZC的cmc以及临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γcmc)的影响大于C16ZS,二价盐CaCl2对cmc的影响比一价盐NaCl更大。温度上升,2种甜菜碱的cmc和γcmc略有降低。热力学参数表明,C16ZC的Gibbs自由能比C16ZS更小,易于形成胶束,且2种甜菜碱形成胶束的过程均属于熵驱动。适量无机盐的加入有利于甜菜碱表面活性剂的增稠,C16ZC的溶液黏度比C16ZS对无机盐更敏感。 Palmitic acid and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine were used as starting materials to synthesize the palmitic amide intermediate,which further reacted separately with sodium chloroacetate and sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propane sulfonate via quaterization process to prepare palmitic amide dimethyl amino-carboxybetaine surfactant (C16ZC) and palmitic amide dimethyl amino hydroxy-propyl sulfobetaine surfactant (C16ZS) respectively.The effects of salts and temperature on the surface tension and critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactants were measured and determined.The viscosity of solution of C16ZC and C16ZS were measured and discussed.The thermodynamic parameters were calculated in accordance with Gibbs micelle equations from the cmc of C16ZS and C16ZC at different temperature.Results showed that the cmc of C16ZC are lower than that of C16ZS while effect of inorganic salt on cmc and corresponding surface tension (γcmc) of C16ZC is higher than that of C16ZS,and effect of divalent salt (such as CaCl2) is even more higher than that of monovalent salt (such as NaCl).As temperature rises,cmc and γcmc of both C16ZC and C16ZS decline slightly.The thermodynamic parameters showed that micellization process for both products is found to be entropy-driven and C16ZC is easy to form micelle as a result of much lower Gibbs free energy for micellization (ΔGmicθ) compared with that of C16ZS.Addition of suitable dosage of inorganic salt can increase the viscosity of both products,and viscosity of C16ZC is more sensitive to inorganic salt than that of C16ZS. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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不对称型磺基琥珀酸双酯盐双子表面活性剂的合成与性能 Synthesis and performance of asymmetric Gemini sulfosuccinate surfactant 王泓棣, 马建中, 吕斌, 高建静, 薛丹 2015 (12):  685-689.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.005 摘要 ( 242 )   PDF(753KB) ( 296 )   以十二醇、顺丁烯二酸酐及月桂酸单乙醇酰胺为原料,合成了一种不对称型磺基琥珀酸双酯盐双子表面活性剂。通过单因素试验法优化了双酯化反应条件,其较佳反应条件为:n(十二醇马来酸单酯)∶n(月桂酸单乙醇酰胺)=1∶1,反应温度为140 ℃,反应时间为6 h。通过傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振对所得表面活性剂的结构进行了表征,并对其表面张力、泡沫性能、乳化力等进行了测定。结果表明:该双子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为2.21×10-5 mol/L,γcmc为31.1 mN/m;乳化分水时间为278 s,起泡性和稳泡性良好。 Lauryl alcohol,maleic anhydride and lauric acid monoethanolamide were used as starting materials to synthesized asymmetric Gemini sulfosuccinate surfactant.The optimized conditions for diesterification are as following:reaction temperature,140 ℃;reaction time,6 h;and n(lauryl alcohol maleic acid monoester)∶n(lauric acid monoethanolamide)=1∶1.The structure of the target compound was characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR.The surface tension,foaming performance and emulsifying power of the product were measured.Results showed that the product has low cmc as 2.21×10-5 mol/L and γcmc as 31.1 mN/m.It displays stronger foaming power and better foam stability.Water separation time of the emulsion made of the product achieves 278 s. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物的合成与耐酸耐碱性研究 Synthesis and hydrolysis resisting capacity of ethoxylated ricinoleic acid methyl esters 张谦, 孙永强, 王万绪, 智丽飞, MartinoDiSerio, 刘伟 2015 (12):  690-693.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.006 摘要 ( 291 )   PDF(1861KB) ( 516 )   在一定的温度和压力条件下,以及特制的均相催化剂作用下,直接由蓖麻油酸甲酯得到了产物蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(ECAME-10)。通过皂化值、气相色谱(GC)和1HNMR测定了ECAME-10的平均环氧乙烷(EO)加合数,在不同pH条件下测定了ECAME-10的耐酸耐碱性,并跟踪拍摄了不同pH溶液不同阶段的外观照片,同时测定了不同阶段溶液的表面张力。结果显示:ECAME-10有较强的抗水解能力,当pH=4~9时,ECAME-10的水解较慢,8周后其水解率在40%以下;水解后的表面张力数据表明,水解后溶液的表面张力可保持稳定。 Ethoxylated ricinoleic acid methyl esters (ECAME-10) obtained directly from castor oil acid methyl esters by the use of a special homogeneous catalyst.The average ethylene oxide (EO) adduct number of ECAME-10 was determined by saponification value,gas chromatography (GC) and 1HNMR.The hydrolysis resisting capacity of ECAME-10 was investigated under different pH value conditions.The appearance changes of ECAME-10 solution under different storing time periods was tracked and photographed and surface tension of different stages of the solution at different stages was measured.Results showed that the hydrolysis resisting capacity of ECAME-10 is rather strong.The hydrolysis rate of ECAME-10 is below 40% in pH value range of 4-9 after eight weeks.Surface tension of solutions can be kept stable after the hydrolysis reaction. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂对煤泥浮选的促进作用研究 Promotion effect of octylphenyl ethoxylate surfactant series on coal slime flotation 宋贤鹏, 樊民强, 樊金串 2015 (12):  694-696.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.007 摘要 ( 285 )   PDF(713KB) ( 377 )   以辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP)系列表面活性剂与煤油复配作为捕收剂对屯兰煤进行浮选研究,并对不同捕收剂在水中的分散度及浮选精煤的接触角进行测定。结果表明,OP与煤油复配有明显增效作用,其中OP-4与煤油的复配效果较优,相对于等量的煤油,精煤产率提高11.87个百分点,尾煤灰分提高17.85个百分点,可燃体回收率提高12.91个百分点,浮选完善度提高3.12个百分点。OP与煤油复配可提高煤油在水中的分散度,提升浮选精煤的接触角,即增强煤的疏水性,从而起到增效作用。 Octylphenyl ethoxylate (OP) surfactant series was blended with kerosene to be used as collecting agent for flotation of coal slime from crude coal of Tunlan coal mine.Dispersity of separate collecting agent in water as well as contact angle of the refine coal was measured and determined.Results showed that the blends of OP and kerosene display obvious promotion effects on the flotation of coal slime and the blend of OP-4 and kerosene displays better effect than others in the series.As comparing with the same dosage of kerosene singly,the yield of refined coal and ash content of tailing coal increases 11.87 and 17.85 percentage points respectively;as well as the combustible recovery and flotation perfect index,increases 12.91 and 3.12 percentage points respectively.It indicated that the promotion effect is enhanced due to the improvement of diffusion of kerosene in water,and the upgrading of contact angle of the refined coal,which lead to improvement of its hydrophoby. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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正/负离子双子表面活性剂复配体系的油/水界面性能研究 Studies on the oil/water interfacial properties of anionic/cationic blended Gemini surfactant systems 侯聪, 吴小梅, 赖璐, 程立, 梅平 2015 (12):  697-701.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.008 摘要 ( 245 )   PDF(743KB) ( 321 )   考察了一种磺酸盐双子(Gemini)表面活性剂SGS-12分别与单链阳离子表面活性剂(DTAC和CTAB)、双季铵盐(CD2N-12和CD2N-16)以及多头基季铵盐(CD3N-12)复配体系的油/水界面性能。结果表明,SGS-12与DTAC,CTAB及CD2N-12复配后可产生明显的正协同效应:当SGS-12与DTAC的复配电荷比为3∶5时,界面张力最低可达2.29×10-3 mN/m;当SGS-12与CTAB的复配电荷比为9∶5时,界面张力最低可达1.84×10-3 mN/m;当SGS-12与CD2N-12的复配电荷比为6∶5时,界面张力最低可达4.3×10-3 mN/m。SGS-12与CD2N-16和CD3N-12复配后无正协同效应。 The oil/water interfacial properties of binary blended systems of sulfonate Gemini surfactant (SGS-12) with single cationic surfactants (DTAC and CTAB),bis-quaternary ammonium salts (CD2N-12 and CD2N-16),and multiple quaternary ammonium salt (CD3N-12) were investigated.Results showed that the blended systems of SGS-12/DTAC,SGS-12/CTAB and SGS-12/CD2N-12 display synergism in oil/water interface tension reduction effectiveness.When the blending ratio of SGS-12 to DTAC is 3∶5,the interfacial tension between the aqueous system and crude oil can be decreased to 2.29×10-3 mN/m as the minimum.The lowest interfacial tension of the blended system of SGS-12/CTAB can achieve 1.84×10-3 mN/m at a 9∶5 blend ratio.When the blending ratio of SGS-12 to CD2N-12 is 6∶5,the interfacial tension can be reduced to 4.3×10-3 mN/m as the minimum.However,the blended systems of SGS-12/CD2N-16 and SGS-12/CD3N-12 exhibit no obvious synergism. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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阴-非双子表面活性剂用于中性脱墨研究 Application of anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactants in neutral deinking of waste paper 陈红, 朱宝伟, 张丹, 赵威 2015 (12):  702-705.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.009 摘要 ( 286 )   PDF(708KB) ( 296 )   以干废旧报纸为研究对象,考察了自制阴-非双子(Gemini)表面活性剂的中性脱墨效果,通过正交试验确定了较佳的脱墨条件为:脱墨剂用量为干废旧报纸质量的0.8%,碎浆时间3 h,浮选时间30 min,熟化时间50 min,熟化温度50 ℃。比较了该表面活性剂与阴离子、非离子表面活性剂的脱墨效果,结果表明该表面活性剂的脱墨效果好于所考察的阴离子和非离子表面活性剂。同时还研究了该表面活性剂与其他表面活性剂复配的脱墨效果,结果显示复配后的表面活性剂具有较好的协同作用。 Efficacy for neutral deinking of waste recycled newspaper with laboratory prepared new anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactant was examined.Via orthogonal designed tests,the optimal operating conditions for the neutral deinking process were identified as follows:deinking agent dosage,0.8% (refer to mass of dry waste newspaper):pulping time,3 h;flotation time,30 min;curing time,50 min;curing temperature,50 ℃.The deinking efficacy of the new anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactants was compared separately with that of conventional anionic and nonionic surfactants,and the experimental results showed that the former is better.Meanwhile,the deinking efficacy of the blend of the new anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactant with other surfactants was also examined and the results showed that there is good synergistic effect between the new Gemini surfactant and other surfactants. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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分子模拟方法在双子表面活性剂溶液性质研究中的应用 Application of molecular simulation method in research work with respect to solution properties of Gemini surfactants 李双阳, 闵长婷, 曹康玲 2015 (12):  706-709.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.010 摘要 ( 240 )   PDF(1883KB) ( 376 )   综述了国内外应用分子模拟方法对双子表面活性剂溶液性质的研究成果,介绍了通过模拟计算得到的双子表面活性剂在溶液中的聚集过程和机理,平衡时聚集体的形态、结构和转变过程,双子表面活性剂与其他分子的协同效应以及各种因素的影响;此外,还介绍了双子表面活性剂在相界面上的性质等;最后指出了用分子模拟方法研究双子表面活性剂溶液性质的应用前景。 Research work achievements with respect to solution properties of Gemini surfactant with molecular simulation method were summarized.The aggregation process and mechanism,the morphology of micelles in equilibrium,phase transition process,the synergistic effect between Gemini surfactant and other molecules as well as various influencing factors of the Gemini surfactants found via molecular simulation calculation method were introduced.In addition,the interfacial properties of Gemini surfactants were also presented.Outlooks for the application of molecular simulation method in this field were prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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农药悬浮剂物理稳定性的研究进展 Review on research work with respect to physical stability of pesticide suspension concentrates 冯建国, 项盛, 郁倩瑶, 吴学民 2015 (12):  710-714.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.011 摘要 ( 309 )   PDF(951KB) ( 319 )   简要介绍了悬浮液的形成与稳定机理,重点综述了相关理论和方法在农药悬浮剂物理稳定性中的研究与应用现状,分析了目前农药悬浮剂在研究开发中存在的问题,最后总结了基于悬浮液形成的农药新剂型加工理论研究不足、助剂性能有待提高等具体问题。 Mechanism for formation and physical stabilization of suspensions were briefed.Status about research work and application of relevant theory and methods with respect to physical stability of pesticide suspension concentrates were emphatically described.Current existing problems in the research and development work for pesticide suspension concentrates,such as deficiency of theoretical research work on new pesticide dosage form based upon formation of suspension,as well as upgrading of performance of adjuvant used for pesticide formulations were discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法同时测定洗发水中5种去屑剂 Simultaneous determination of content of five kinds of anti-dandruff agent in shampoo by high performance liquid chromatography 郭洁, 张华珺, 刘齐, 张蓉 2015 (12):  715-718.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.12.012 摘要 ( 384 )   PDF(760KB) ( 343 )   建立了一种同时测定洗发水中水杨酸、吡硫翁锌、酮康唑、氯咪巴唑和吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐5种去屑剂的高效液相色谱法。采用C18柱,以乙腈-甲醇-0.01 mol/L的磷酸二氢钾溶液(含乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.5 mmol/L,磷酸调节pH=4)梯度洗脱分离各个组分,进样体积5 μL,柱温35 ℃,检测波长230 nm。结果表明:水杨酸、吡硫翁锌、酮康唑和氯咪巴唑的线性范围为10~200 mg/L,吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐的线性范围为20~400 mg/L,方法的线性关系良好。水杨酸、吡硫翁锌、酮康唑、氯咪巴唑和吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐的检出限分别为0.26,0.53,0.26,0.26和2.0 mg/L,平均回收率为96.04%~98.42%。采用该方法对83件市售去屑产品进行检测:有57件检出吡硫翁锌,18件检出吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐,7件检出水杨酸,3件检出氯咪巴唑,未检出禁用物质酮康唑。所有产品去屑剂含量均符合标准要求。 A high performance liquid chromatography method with gradient elution was established for simultaneous determination of anti-dandruff agent salicylic acid,pyrithione zinc,ketoconazole,climbazole and octopirox in shampoo formulations.A C18 column was used as stationary phase,and mixture containing acetonitrile-methanol aqueous solution (0.01 mol/L KH2PO4 and 0.5 mmol/L EDTA-2Na,pH adjusted to 4 with H3PO4) eluted by gradient was used as mobile phase in the HPLC at the wavelength of 230 nm.Operating temperature was 35 ℃.Injection volume was 5 μL.The linearity range of salicylic acid,pyrithione zinc,ketoconazole and climbazole is 10~200 mg/L.The linearity range of octopirox is 20~400 mg/L.The detection limits for salicylic acid,pyrithione zinc,ketoconazole,climbazole and octopirox are 0.26,0.53,0.26,0.26 and 2.0 mg/L respectively.The spiked recovery of matrix for salicylic acid,pyrithione zinc,ketoconazole,climbazole and octopirox varies from 96.04% to 98.42%.Among test results of 83 shampoo samples from market,pyrithione zinc appears in 57 samples;octopirox appears in 18 samples;salicylic acid appears in 7 samples;climbazole appears in 3 samples;banned substance ketoconazole is not detected.The contents of anti-dandruff agents in all samples meet the relevant standard requirements. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标