当期目录

2015年, 第45卷, 第6期　刊出日期：2015-06-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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多季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及流变性能研究 Synthesis and rheological properties of multiple-quaternary ammonium surfactants 闵红博, 梅平, 赖璐, 吴小梅, 杨先 2015 (6):  301-305.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.001 摘要 ( 284 )   PDF(863KB) ( 381 )   以二乙胺盐酸盐、环氧氯丙烷、长链烷基二甲基叔胺为原料,合成了3种多季铵盐表面活性剂CD3N-n (n=12,16,18,代表烷基链碳原子个数);测定了上述多季铵盐表面活性剂的表面活性,并研究了碳链长度、温度、浓度以及反离子对多季铵盐水溶液流变性的影响。结果表明,合成的多季铵盐水溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)分别为2.0×10-4,1.0×10-4和8.0×10-5 mol/L,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γcmc)分别为39.05,37.45和34.12 mN/m,cmc和γcmc均随着烷基链长度的增加而减小;CD3N-18的增黏效果显著,溶液黏度随CD3N-18浓度的增大而增大,随温度升高和反离子的加入先增加后减小,反离子助剂氯化钾的增黏效果较好,而水杨酸钠有助于提升产品的耐温性。 Three kinds of multiple-quaternary ammonium surfactant CD3N-n (n=12,16,18,which represents the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain) were synthesized with diethylamine hydrochloride,epichlorohydrin and long alkyl chain dimethyl tertiary amine as starting materials.The influence of carbon chain length,temperature,surfactant concentration and counter ion on the rheological behavior of aqueous solution of multiple-quaternary ammonium surfactant,and its surface activity were investigated.The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of aqueous solution of the three kinds of synthesized product are 2.0×10-4,1.0×10-4 and 8.0×10-5 mol/L respectively,and γcmc values are 39.05,37.45 and 34.12 mN/m respectively.All the cmc and γcmc values decrease with the increasing alkyl chain length.The viscosity increasing effect of the multiple-quaternary ammonium surfactant CD3N-18 is remarkable.Viscosity of solution of CD3N-18 increases with the increase of its concentration.Rising of temperature,as well as addition of counter ion will cause increase of viscosity of the solution of the product CD3N-18 firstly and decline later.Counter ion accessory ingredient potassium chloride shows a better viscosity increasing effect while sodium salicylate is helpful for enhancing the temperature resisting property of the product. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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壳聚糖/三聚磷酸钠凝胶粒子稳定Pickering乳液的研究 Study on Pickering emulsions stabilized by gel nanoparticles composed of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate 曾海燕, 曹光群, 杨成, 董伟 2015 (6):  306-310.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.002 摘要 ( 978 )   PDF(3256KB) ( 464 )   通过阳离子壳聚糖(CS)和聚阴离子三聚磷酸钠(STPP)发生离子交联反应制备得到粒径为50 nm左右的CS/STPP凝胶纳米粒子。用CS/STPP纳米粒子乳化液体石蜡制得Pickering乳液,并研究了不同因素对乳液的影响。结果表明:增加颗粒质量分数,乳液稳定性变好,液滴粒径变小;通过调节分散相pH和NaCl浓度可成功制备出均一稳定的乳液;乳液的流变性分析表明,随着颗粒质量分数的增加,乳液黏度更高并表现出更强的弹性行为。 Gel nanoparticles composed of chitosan (CS) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) with the size about 50 nm were prepared via ionic crosslinking reaction between positively charged primary amino groups of CS and the negatively charged groups of STPP.The CS/STPP nanoparticles were adopted to emulsify liquid paraffin to form Pickering emulsion.Separate factors that affect the emulsions were examined.Results showed that increase of mass fraction of the nanoparticles will improve the stability and reduce the droplet size of the emulsion.Via the adjustment of pH of the dispersion phase and concentration of NaCl,a uniform and stable emulsion can be obtained successfully.Rheological study indicated that as the increase of mass fraction of nanoparticles,viscosity of the emulsion will be raised and its elastic behavior will be intensified. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(ⅩⅧ) ——表面活性剂在家用洗涤剂中的应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (ⅩⅧ) Applications of surfactants in household detergents 柴晨星, 赵莉, 周雅文, 张华涛, 徐宝财 2015 (6):  311-314.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.003 摘要 ( 474 )   PDF(782KB) ( 675 )   介绍了家用洗涤剂中表面活性剂的作用原理,重点阐述了家用洗涤剂中常用的表面活性剂及其应用现状,其中以阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂应用居多,同时提出了家用洗涤剂的发展方向。在家用洗涤剂中,对表面活性剂的安全性、温和与低刺激性、良好的去污力以及对环境友好的特性要求越来越高。 The action principle of surfactants in household detergents was introduced.Current applications of commonly used surfactants were listed.The anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants were widely used.The development of the household detergent was put forward.The safety,mild and low irritation,good detergency as well as good environmental friendliness of surfactants will attract more and more attention. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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Bola型离子液体基有机硅表面活性剂的合成及表面活性 Synthesis and surface activities of Bola-type ionic liquid based silicone surfactant 谭景林, 肖梅红, 文军, 彭游 2015 (6):  315-318.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.004 摘要 ( 279 )   PDF(779KB) ( 375 )   以1,3-二(氯丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷和八甲基环四硅氧烷为原料在浓盐酸催化下制成α,ω-二氯丙基聚硅氧烷,再与N-甲基咪唑反应合成Bola型咪唑离子液体基有机硅表面活性剂。对产物结构进行了核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)表征,并进行了表面张力测定,结果表明:与烷基类Bola型表面活性剂相比,Bola型咪唑离子液体基有机硅表面活性剂具有更好的表面活性,第一临界胶束浓度(cmc)为0.13 g/L、第二cmc为7.92 g/L,最低表面张力(γcmc)为24.3 mN/m。 A novel Bola-type ionic liquid based silicone surfactant was prepared by the reaction of α,ω-bis(chloropropyl) polysiloxane and N-methylimidazole.The former was prepared with 1,3-bis(chloropropyl)tetramethyl-disiloxane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane as starting materials under the catalytic action of concentrate hydrochloric acid.Chemical structure of the product was characterized by 1HNMR,FTIR and DSC.Its critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension at cmc (γcmc) was measured.The first cmc is 0.13 g/L.The second cmc is 7.92 g/L,and γcmc is 24.3 mN/m. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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连接基为2-羟丙基系列季铵盐双子表面活性剂的性能研究 Properties of a series of bis(quaternary ammonium) Gemini surfactant with 2－hydroxypropyl group as spacer 余鹏鸣, 张威, 王丰收, 董万田 2015 (6):  319-322.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.005 摘要 ( 239 )   PDF(890KB) ( 299 )   以自制的5种连接基团为2-羟丙基(-3(OH)-),两侧疏水基团为不同碳数烷基链的阳离子季铵盐双子(Gemini)表面活性剂(8-3(OH)-8,8-3(OH)-12,8-3(OH)-16,12-3(OH)-12和16-3(OH)-16)为研究对象,测定了它们不同浓度水溶液的表面张力,不同pH下的泡沫性能以及乳化能力。结果表明:5种表面活性剂的cmc分别为12.3×10-5,15.5×10-5,6.8×10-5,2.9×10-5和1.2×10-5 mol/L,γcmc分别为46.04,37.20,39.61,39.34和38.12 mN/m;酸性条件(pH=2)下5种表面活性剂的发泡力均较中性条件下有所提高,无论是在酸性还是在中性条件下,8-3(OH)-12在5种表面活性剂中发泡力最好;在酸性条件(pH=2)下,5种表面活性剂的乳化能力均较中性条件下有明显提高。 A Series of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants,8-3(OH)-8,8-3(OH)-12,8-3(OH)-16,12-3(OH)-12 and 16-3(OH)-16 were synthesized using epoxy chloropropane and various alkyl tertiary amines as starting materials.Surface activity,forming performance at various pH conditions,and emulsifying properties were investigated.The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the five kinds of surfactant are 12.3×10-5,15.5×10-5,6.8×10-5,2.9×10-5 and 1.2×10-5 mol/L respectively,and their equilibrium surface tension (γcmc) are 46.04,37.20,39.61,39.34 and 38.12 mN/m respectively.The surfactant 8-3(OH)-12 displays outstanding foaming and emulsifying properties in both neutral and acidic condition (pH=2).The foam performance and emulsifying property of these Gemini surfactants could be promoted greatly under acidic condition. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵改性蒙脱土及其对农药啶虫脒的吸附 Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide modified montmorillonite and adsorption of pesticide acetamiprid on it 张永利, 李嘉诚, 冯玉红, 颜慧琼, 向飞, 陈秀琼 2015 (6):  323-327.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.006 摘要 ( 284 )   PDF(1460KB) ( 355 )   为了提高钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)对有机农药的负载性能,利用表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)阳离子交换改性Na-MMT,采用超声-高速剪切法促进DDAB的插层反应。并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TG)、透射电镜(TEM)以及拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对样品的结构和性能进行了分析。结果表明,DDAB已成功插层到蒙脱土片层间,使其层间距显著增大。农药吸附试验表明,改性后的蒙脱土对啶虫脒有良好的吸附性能。 In order to improve loading performance for adsorption of organic pesticide acetamiprid on sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT),the latter was modified by surfactant didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) via the cation exchange mode,using ultrasonic-high-speed shearing method to promote its intercalation reaction.Then,the structure and properties of the modified montmorillonite were characterized and determined by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR),thermogravimetric analysis (TG),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman).Experimental results showed that the DDAB has been successfully intercalated into the montmorillonite interlayer,significantly increasing its interlayer spacing.Pesticide adsorption test result showed that the modified montmorillonite displays better loading performance for adsorption of acetamiprid. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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表面活性剂辅助提取肉苁蓉总黄酮的工艺研究 Process study on surfactant-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma 杨凯, 张桂菊, 徐宝财 2015 (6):  328-331.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.007 摘要 ( 298 )   PDF(833KB) ( 309 )   采用单因素试验结合正交试验的方法,研究了以表面活性剂水溶液为提取剂,提取肉苁蓉中总黄酮的工艺条件。结果表明,在质量分数为0.2%的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液为提取剂,料液比(g∶mL)为1∶20,提取温度为80 ℃,提取时间为1.0 h的条件下肉苁蓉黄酮的提取率可达7.34%。 Based on single factor test in combination with orthogonal test,the extraction conditions for total flavonoids from Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma,and taking surfactant aqueous solutions as the extractant were examined.The results showed that under conditions as:using 0.2% mass fraction SDS aqueous solution as the solvent;solid/liquid ratio (g∶mL) of 1∶20;extraction temperature of 80 ℃;and extraction time of 1.0 h,the extraction yield achieves 7.34%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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蒸汽相体系下低硅沸石DFT和GIS的合成 Synthesis of low silica zeolite DFT and GIS under vapor phase system condition 石琪, 王飞 2015 (6):  332-336.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.008 摘要 ( 246 )   PDF(1287KB) ( 295 )   采用蒸汽相合成法,在F-作为矿化剂以及乙二胺作为液相的条件下,合成出低硅沸石DFT和GIS。重点考察了氢氟酸(HF)用量和硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3))对低硅沸石DFT和GIS合成的影响,其较佳固相凝胶组成分别为:n(HF)∶n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)∶n(H2O)=0.5∶1.0∶0.5∶5.0,n(HF)∶n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)∶n(H2O)=2.5∶1.0∶0.5∶5.0。元素分析和热重结果表明,双质子化的乙二胺起到平衡骨架负电荷的作用,结构导向合成出低硅沸石DFT和GIS。HF的用量对合成产物物相有明显影响,少量的HF有利于合成低硅沸石DFT,增加HF的用量则导致低硅沸石GIS的生成。 Synthesis of low-silica zeolite DFT and GIS were conducted with ethylene diamine as liquid phase and fluoride ion as mineralizing agent.Factors that affect the crystallization of low-silica zeolites,such as the dosage of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and mole ratio n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3),were examined.Results showed that suitable molar compositions of the solid phase gels for low-silica zeolites DFT and GIS are n(HF)∶n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)∶n(H2O)=0.5∶1.0∶0.5∶5.0 and n(HF)∶n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)∶n(H2O)=2.5∶1.0∶0.5∶5.0,respectively.The results of elemental analyses as well as TG analyses confirmed that di-protonated ethylene diamine plays structure-directing and negative charge-compensating roles in the formation of zeolites DFT and GIS.The results also showed that the HF concentration displays a remarkable influence on the product type.Lower dosage of HF is preferable to form zeolite DFT,while increasing of the dosage of HF is preferable to form zeolite GIS. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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牛毛水解物的吸湿保湿及抗紫外线能力 Moisture absorption,moisturizing and UV protection capacities of bovine hair hydrolysate 曾维才, 刘志鹏, 张文昌, 石碧 2015 (6):  337-341.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.009 摘要 ( 361 )   PDF(815KB) ( 437 )   采用化学水解法制备牛毛水解物,对其水解度、分子量分布及氨基酸组成进行测定,进一步测试其吸湿保湿能力和抗紫外线活性。结果表明,牛毛水解物的水解度为15.68%,分子量分布在1 800~22 000 Da之间,主要由半胱氨酸(18.79%)、谷氨酸(11.02%)和精氨酸(6.78%)等17种氨基酸组成。实验条件下,牛毛水解物的吸湿率约25%,保湿率约50%,展现出较好的吸湿保湿能力。此外,牛毛水解物还具有较高的防晒系数,可有效阻挡中、长波紫外线对皮肤的损伤,具有较好的抗紫外线活性。 Bovine hair hydrolysate was prepared by chemical hydrolysis method.Degree of hydrolysis,molecular weight distribution and amino acid composition of the hydrolysate were determined.Meanwhile,moisture absorption and moisturizing capacities as well as UV protection activity of the hydrolysate were measured. The results showed that the degree of hydrolysis of the hydrolysate achieves 15.68%,and its molecular weight distributes within 1 800~22 000 Da.It is composed of 17 kinds of amino acid,mainly as cysteine (18.79%),glutamic acid (11.02%) and arginine (6.78%).Under laboratory conditions,the hydrolysate exhibits moisture absorption capacity as 25% and moisturizing capacity as 50%.Moreover,the hydrolysate shows a high value of sun protection factor to inhibit the injury of skin caused by UVA and UVB,which indicates that the hydrolysate possesses significant UV protection activity. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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氨基酸型双子表面活性剂的合成与性能研究进展 Progress in field of research work with respect to amino acid-based Gemini surfactants 武丽丽 2015 (6):  342-346.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.010 摘要 ( 353 )   PDF(960KB) ( 469 )   综述了氨基酸型双子表面活性剂的研究进展;重点介绍了氨基酸型双子表面活性剂的合成方法;详细叙述了3种典型的氨基酸型双子表面活性剂,包括胱氨酸双子表面活性剂、精氨酸双子表面活性剂和赖氨酸双子表面活性剂;最后展望了氨基酸型双子表面活性剂良好的应用前景。 Progress in field of research work with respect to amino acid-based Gemini surfactants was reviewed.The synthesis,properties and applications of amino acid-based Gemini surfactants were summarized.Three typical amino-acid based Gemini surfactants,such as cysteine Gemini surfactants,arginine Gemini surfactants and lysine Gemini surfactants were described in detail.Meanwhile,the development of amino acid-based Gemini surfactants in the future was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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季铵盐双子表面活性剂的合成研究进展 Progress on synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactants 董乐, 高文超, 李兴, 常宏宏, 魏文珑, 刘强 2015 (6):  347-353.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.011 摘要 ( 545 )   PDF(1667KB) ( 658 )   简要介绍了季铵盐双子(Gemini)表面活性剂的结构、性能和应用;重点综述了直链型、羟基型、酯基型、含复杂基团型、醚基型和含氟型等几类季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成方法;简单总结了季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂合成方法的优缺点;阐述了各类季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和相应的表面张力(γcmc)等性质及其在杀菌、金属腐蚀防护等领域的应用;展望了季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的发展趋势。 Structure,properties and applications of the quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactants were briefed.Synthesis methods for the linear chain type,hydroxyl type,ester radical type,complex group type,ether radical type and the fluorinated type of the quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactants were emphatically described with their advantages and disadvantages briefly summarized.Performance and properties of various types of quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactant such as critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension at the cmc (γcmc) as well as their applications in sterilization and metal corrosion prevention et al.were presented.Trends of future development of the quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactants were prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的二羟基丙酮 Determination of dihydroxyacetone content in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography 李莉, 曹进, 张庆生 2015 (6):  354-356.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.06.012 摘要 ( 638 )   PDF(718KB) ( 508 )   建立了测定化妆品中二羟基丙酮的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用资生堂PC HILIC色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相V(乙腈)∶V(5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液)=92∶8,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长272 nm,乙腈(体积分数为80%)为溶剂,超声提取样品。结果表明,在此条件下,二羟基丙酮在0.1～1.0 g/L内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),回收率为92.7%~99.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.55%~1.96%。该方法快捷、简便、准确,可用于测定化妆品中的二羟基丙酮。 A method for determination the content of dihydroxyacetone in cosmetics was established.A Shiseido PC HILIC column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with detection wavelength 272 nm.The mobile phase is composed of V(acetonitrile)∶V(5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution)=92∶8,at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min.Samples were extracted under assistance of ultrasonic wave with 80% acetonitrile as the solvent.Results showed that when the mass concentration of dihydroxyacetone is in the range of 0.1~1.0 g/L,the relationship between mass concentration and the corresponding peak area shows good linearity (r=0.999 8).The recovery is 92.7%~99.9%,and RSD lies within 0.55%~1.96%.The method is simple and accurate. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标