当期目录

2018年, 第48卷, 第9期　刊出日期：2018-09-20 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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碳量子点掺杂的蠕虫状胶束 Carbon quantum dot-doped worm-like micelles 孙晓峰,李洪光 2018 (9):  483-488.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.001 摘要 ( 293 )   PDF(4680KB) ( 264 )   以富勒烯生产过程中的副产物炭灰为原料,利用酸回流法制备了表面含有羧基的碳量子点(CQDs)。将所制备的CQDs代替传统有机酸,发现其与十四烷基二甲基氧化胺(C14DMAO)在水溶液中能形成蠕虫状胶束。考察了CQDs质量浓度、pH等对蠕虫状胶束流变性质的影响。结果表明,CQDs质量浓度的增加和溶液pH值的降低均有利于蠕虫状胶束的形成。利用低温透射电镜可以原位地观察到蠕虫状胶束和CQDs的存在。CQDs外围-COOH解离出的H+可以使C14DMAO质子化为C14DMAOH+,而C14DMAOH+与C14DMAO之间形成的氢键是蠕虫状胶束形成的主要驱动力。以上结果表明,CQDs可以有效地诱导C14DMAO形成蠕虫状胶束。 Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with carboxyl groups were prepared by acid reflux method and using fullerene carbon soot as raw material.CQDs can form worm-like micelles with tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C14DMAO) in aqueous solution when the CQDs replaced the traditional organic acid.The effects of CQDs mass concentration and pH on the rheological properties of worm-like micelles were investigated.It is found that both a higher mass concentration of CQDs and a lower pH will facilitate the formation of worm-like micelles.The worm-like micelles and CQDs can be observed in situ by cryo-TEM.The dissociation of H+ from CQDs could protonate C14DMAO into C14DMAOH+.The hydrogen bond formed between C14DMAOH+ and C14DMAO is the main driving force for the formation of worm-like micelles.The results above show that CQDs can effectively induce C14DMAO to form worm-like micelles. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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化妆品功效评价(Ⅷ)—— 3D皮肤模型在化妆品功效评价中的应用 Efficacy evaluation of cosmetics (Ⅷ) The application of 3D reconstructed skin models in the evaluation of cosmetic efficacy 李潇, 张晓娥, 卢永波, 金岩 2018 (9):  489-494.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.002 摘要 ( 775 )   PDF(6148KB) ( 613 )   概述了3D皮肤模型在化妆品功效评价中的应用,对3D皮肤模型的类型以及基于各种3D皮肤模型的主要体外功效检测方法进行了介绍。3D表皮模型由角质形成细胞构成,用于皮肤屏障、保湿、抗炎、UV防护、经皮吸收等功效性检测;3D黑素皮肤模型由角质形成细胞和黑素细胞构成,主要用于美白功效检测;3D全层皮肤模型由角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞构成,主要用于抗衰功效检测。基于3D皮肤模型,可获得多维度检测结果,实现对化妆品受试物功效的综合评价。 The application of 3D reconstructed skin models in cosmetics efficacy evaluation was summarized.Types of 3D reconstructed skin models,and main in vitro efficacy evaluation methods based on these innovative models were introduced.The 3D reconstructed epidermis model is developed from keratinocytes and mainly used to test the efficacy such as skin barrier function,moisturizing,anti-inflammatory,UV protection,and skin penetration.The 3D reconstructed pigmented skin model is composed of keratinocytes and melanocytes,which is mainly used for skin whitening efficacy testing.Moreover,the 3D full-thickness skin model is composed of keratinocytes and fibroblasts,and widely used to study anti-aging efficacy.With these 3D skin models,multi-dimensional detection results can be obtained to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the cosmetic efficacy. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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m-n-m型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及性能研究 Synthesis and properties of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants m-n-m 董乐, 葛秀娟, 高文超, 李兴, 魏文珑, 常宏宏 2018 (9):  495-499.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.003 摘要 ( 472 )   PDF(3409KB) ( 266 )   以N,N-二甲基十四胺和1,8-二溴辛烷反应生成了14-8-14型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂,通过单因素试验优化了反应条件,确定较佳合成条件为:N,N-二甲基胺的用量为5 mmol,N,N-二甲基胺与二溴烷烃的摩尔比为2.2∶1,溶剂乙腈用量为10 mL,反应温度为80 ℃,反应时间为24 h,在此条件下合成了24种m-n-m型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂,大部分反应的收率大于80%。采用吊环法对产物的表面张力进行了测定,分别研究了疏水烷基链、连接基对Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂表面活性的影响,研究发现,当连接基n相同时,随着疏水烷基链的增长(m>10时),Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的表面张力呈现先减小后增大的趋势,14-n-14型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂呈现出最好的表面活性;当疏水烷基链m=14时,随着连接基n的增大,Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的表面张力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。 A quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactant (14-8-14) was synthesized from N,N-dimethyl tetradecylamine and 1,8-dibromooctane.The optimum reaction condition was obtained by single factor experiment.The optimum synthesis condition was as follows:the dosage of N,N-dimethyl amine was 5 mmol;the molar ratio of n(N,N-dimethyl amine)∶n(dibromoalkane) was 2.2∶1;10 mL acetonitrile was used as solvent;the reaction temperature was 80 ℃;and the reaction time was 24 h.24 kinds of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants m-n-m were synthesized under this condition,most of which had a yield larger than 80%.The surface tension of the products were determined.The effects of the hydrophobic alkyl chain and the spacer on the surface activity of Gemini surfactants were studied.The results show that,for the same spacer n,the surface tension of Gemini surfactants first decreases and then increases with the increase of hydrophobic alkyl chain length (m>10).14-n-14 Gemini surfactants exhibit the best surface activity.Moreover,when the hydrophobic alkyl chain m=14,the surface tension of Gemini surfactants first increases and then decreases with the increase of the spacer length n. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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烷醇酰胺类非离子表面活性剂增稠/稳泡性的比较研究 A comparative study on the thickening and foam-stabilizing properties of alkanolamide nonionic surfactants 胡学一,谭杰,方云,李俊国,孙洋,李华山 2018 (9):  500-504.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.004 摘要 ( 330 )   PDF(4140KB) ( 374 )   将本实验室合成的棕榈仁油酸-N-甲基单乙醇酰胺(PNMEA)与市售棕榈仁油酸二乙醇酰胺(PDEA)及棕榈仁油酸单乙醇酰胺(PMEA)进行增稠/稳泡性的比较研究。比较了PNMEA、PDEA和PMEA影响醇醚硫酸钠为主表面活性剂的模拟沐浴露配方的流型、触变性、弹性模量和黏性模量等。研究结果表明:PNMEA自身的表观黏度较低且黏度温敏性较小;用PNMEA、PDEA和PMEA增稠的3种模拟沐浴露均为假塑型非牛顿流体,触变性较弱,在中低角频率和高角频率时分别表现出黏性流体和弹性流体特征,且起泡和稳泡性能相当;PNMEA的增稠效果优于PDEA而与PMEA相当,同时被增稠体系的黏度温敏性比PMEA小,因此PNMEA的增稠性能总体最优秀。综合安全性、增稠性和稳泡性评价结果,PNMEA具有替代PDEA和PMEA成为烷醇酰胺类增稠/稳泡剂主要品种的优势。 A comparative study was conducted among a lab-made palm kernel acid N-methyl monoethanolamide (PNMEA) and two commercial counterparts derived from diethanolamine (PDEA) and monoethanolamine (PMEA) on their properties as thickeners and foam boosters.The effects of PNMEA,PDEA and PMEA on the properties (including the flow pattern,thixotropy,elastic modulus and viscous modulus,etc) of a model shower gel were studied,in which sodium laureth-3 sulfate was used as the key component of the formula.The experimental results show that the apparent viscosity of PNMEA itself is lower and less temperature sensitive than that of PDEA;the model shower gels thickened by the three alkanolamides are all pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids and their thixotropies are very weak,and they behave like viscous fluid and elastic fluid at lower and higher shear frequencies,respectively;the three alkanolamides have similar foam-boosting and foam-stabilizing properties for the model shower gel.The thickening effect of PNMEA is superior to that of PDEA and similar to that of PMEA,but the apparent viscosity of the model shower gel thickened by PNMEA is less temperature sensitive than by PMEA.Therefore PNMEA is overall the best thickener among the three alkanolamides.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of safety,thickening property and foam-stabilizing property,PNMEA has advantage over PDEA and PMEA to become the dominant member in alkanolamides. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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油酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐的合成与性能研究 Synthesis and performance study of ethoxylated methyl oleate sulfonate 丁莉荣,孙永强,周婧洁,张勇,孙晋源,梁慧斌 2018 (9):  505-510.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.005 摘要 ( 309 )   PDF(5233KB) ( 255 )   以油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(OMEE)为原料,通过与亚硫酸氢钠一步法加成磺化得到油酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐(OMEES),并通过皂化值、碘值、阴离子含量的测定以及红外光谱确定合成的产物结构。对OMEES和OMEE进行平衡表面张力、动态表面张力、动态接触角以及主要应用性能的测试。结果表明:对于OMEES,γcmc=36.3 mN/m,吸附速率较慢,吸附量较少,并且随着表面活性剂浓度的增大铺展润湿性能逐渐增强。磺酸基的引入增加了原料的亲水性,使其起泡能力有所增强。 The ethoxylated methyl oleate sulfonate (OMEES) was synthesised by one-step sulfonation with sodium bisulfite from ethoxylated methyl oleate (OMEE) as a raw material,and the structure of the synthesized product was confirmed by the saponification value,iodine value,anion content and the infrared spectroscopy.The equilibrium surface tension,dynamic surface tension,dynamic contact angle and the main application performance were measured for OMEES and OMEE.The results show that as the γcmc is 36.3 mN/m,OMEES has slower adsorption rate and less adsorption capacity,and the wettability improves gradually with the increase of the surfactant concentration.The introduction of sulfonic acid groups increases the hydrophilicity of the raw material and enhances its foaming ability. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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新型糖基阳离子表面活性剂与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用研究 Study on the interactions between a novel sugar-based cationic surfactant and bovine serum albumin 智丽飞,王秀文,李晓明,陈慧,薛永兵,张清华 2018 (9):  511-515.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.006 摘要 ( 345 )   PDF(3838KB) ( 246 )   采用荧光光谱法和三维荧光光谱法研究了糖基阳离子表面活性剂N,N-二甲基-N[3-(糖酰胺基)]丙基-N-十四烷基溴化铵(C14DGPB)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。考察了各因素对C14DGPB与BSA相互作用的影响。结果表明,当作用时间为30 min,NaCl的浓度为0.03 mol/L,pH=6.6时,为C14DGPB与BSA相互作用的较佳条件;通过计算可以得到不同温度下C14DGPB对BSA的动态猝灭常数、结合参数和热力学参数;由热力学参数确定它们之间的作用力主要是疏水作用力,对酪氨酸和色氨酸的疏水微环境影响较大。 The interactions between a sugar-based cationic surfactant N,N-dimethyl-N-[3-(gluconamide)]propyl-N-tetradecylammonium bromides (C14DGPB) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.The effects of various factors on the interactions between C14DGPB and BSA were investigated.The results show that the optimal conditions for interactions between C14DGPB and BSA were the action time 30 min,0.03 mol/L NaCl and pH=6.6.The dynamic quenching constants,binding parameters and thermodynamic parameters of C14DGPB with BSA at different temperatures can be obtained by calculation.According to the thermodynamic parameters,it shows that the hydrophobic interaction has played dominant roles in the interactions between C14DGPB and BSA,which has a great influence on the hydrophobic microenvironment of tyrosine and tryptophan. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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离子液体催化合成双烷基二苯醚 Synthesis of di-alkylated diphenyl ether catalyzed by ionic liquids 白龙,刘晓臣,王晓朋,霍月青,牛金平 2018 (9):  516-520.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.007 摘要 ( 291 )   PDF(3124KB) ( 240 )   以盐酸三乙胺/三氯化铝(Et3NHCl-AlCl3)离子液体为催化剂,二苯醚和1-十二烯烃为原料合成了双烷基二苯醚。通过正交试验,得到烷基化反应的较优工艺条件为:n(二苯醚)∶n(1-十二烯烃)=1∶3,二苯醚用量0.3 mol,催化剂用量0.045 mol,反应温度70 ℃,反应时间1 h。在此条件下,烷基化转化率为98.1%,双烷基二苯醚选择性为33.7%。改变离子液体的阳离子和阴离子部分结构,研究了催化剂结构对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,该类催化剂的催化活性主要由阴离子部分的结构决定,较优的阴阳离子组合为Et3NHCl-AlCl3。 The ionic liquid Et3NHCl-AlCl3 was used to catalyze the alkylation of diphenyl ether with 1-dodecene to synthesize di-dodecyl diphenyl ether.When the molar ratio of diphenyl ether/1-dodecene was 1∶3 (0.3 mol diphenyl ether),the optimized conditions of alkylation reaction obtained by orthogonal experimental method were catalyst dosage of 0.045 mol,reaction temperature of 70 ℃ and reaction time of 1 h.The conversion of diphenyl ether reaches 98.1% and the selectivity is 33.7% under such optimized conditions.The influences of catalyst structure on its catalytic activity were also investigated by changing the structure of the cationic and anionic parts of ion liquids.The results show that the catalytic activity is determined by the structure of the anion,and the best catalyst is Et3NHCl-AlCl3. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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复配植物防脱生发原料的制备与功效评价研究 Study on preperation and efficacyevaluation of herbal compound material for promoting hair growth 高合意, 黄健聪, 雷登凤, 陈志杰, 梁钦智, 曾飒 2018 (9):  521-526.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.008 摘要 ( 380 )   PDF(9161KB) ( 128 )   制备生姜汁和何首乌、当归提取液,按特定比例复配为新原料,采用5α-还原酶抑制模型、抗氧化法和动物模型对其进行测试评价。结果表明该新原料可以体外抑制5α-还原酶的活性,且对DPPH自由基具有一定的清除能力;动物模型实验结果表明,样品在体积分数10%和30%下,对毛发生长表现出较明显的促进作用。初步证明了该复配的新原料具有防脱发、促进生发的功效,可用于生发产品的开发。 The fresh ginger,polygonum multiflorumthunb and angelica sinensis were prepared and formulated into a new raw material according to a specific ratio.The model of 5α-reductase inhibition,anti-oxidant property and animal test were conducted for its promoting hair growth and reducing hair loss efficacy.The results show that this material can inhibit the activity of 5α-reductase in vitro and have a certain ability to scavenge DPPH free radical.It can obviously promote hair growth at volume fractions of 10% and 30% in animal study.In conclusion,it is preliminarily proved that the new raw material can prevent hair loss and promote hair growth,and can be used for the development of hair growth products. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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液质联用技术在化妆品禁用组分测定中的应用 Application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of prohibited substances in cosmetics 谭菊英,颜其双,王娟,孙煜,朱建萍,卢日刚 2018 (9):  527-533.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.009 摘要 ( 278 )   PDF(6487KB) ( 262 )   介绍了液质联用分析中的关键技术包括样品前处理技术、常用的质量分析器、基质效应消除方式、定性定量测定等,综述了液质联用技术在化妆品禁用组分测定中的应用,指出目前化妆品中禁用物质的组分检测已从单一成分向多组分发展,更多简单的样品前处理技术,高通量、高分辨率、高准确度的质量分析技术已应用于化妆品禁用组分的检测。 This article described the key technologies in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis including:sample pretreatment technology,commonly used mass analyzers,matrix effect elimination method,qualitative and quantitative determination.Application ofLC-MS technology in the determination of prohibited components in cosmetics was reviewed.It is pointed out that the detection of components of prohibited substances in cosmetics has been progressed from single component to multi-component.More simple sample preparation techniques,and high-throughput,high-resolution,high-accuracy mass analysis techniques have been applied to the detection of prohibited substances in cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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新型表面活性离子液体聚集行为的研究进展 Research progress on aggregation behaviors of novel surface active ionic liquids 吴国鹏,侯兆伟,吴奥丽,郑利强,孙继超 2018 (9):  534-540.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.010 摘要 ( 252 )   PDF(6997KB) ( 64 )   基于离子液体的可设计性与功能化,综述了近年来出现的新型表面活性离子液体的结构、性能、聚集行为及其应用的效果,主要包括两性表面活性离子液体、响应型表面活性离子液体、手性表面活性离子液体等。 The structures,properties,aggregation behaviors and practical applications of novel surface active ionic liquids that have emerged in recent years have been reviewed based on the designability and functionalization of ionic liquids.Zwitterionic surface active ionic liquids,responsive surface active ionic liquids,and chiral surface active ionic liquids have been mainly introduced in the review. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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柱前衍生化液相色谱法测定两性表面活性剂中3-二甲氨基丙胺含量 Determination of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine in amphoteric surfactants by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 雷小英, 史立文, 徐坤华, 葛赞, 仰海青, 王京 2018 (9):  541-544.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.09.011 摘要 ( 421 )   PDF(2507KB) ( 271 )   为建立高效液相色谱法测定两性表面活性剂中3-二甲氨基丙胺(DMAPA)的方法,研究了衍生化条件和色谱条件对DMAPA检测的影响。结果显示在碱性条件下两性表面活性剂中的DMAPA和衍生化试剂异硫氰酸苯酯(PITC)反应生成苯基脲衍生物,利用苯基柱用乙腈梯度洗脱的方法将DMAPA衍生物与其他成分分离,并在254 nm下进行紫外检测,该方法标准溶液线性相关系数均为0.999 3,样品的回收率较好,平均回收率为95.9%~101.8%,能满足质量分析的要求。 To establish a method for the determination of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (DMAPA)in amphoteric surfactants by HPLC,the influence of derivatization conditions and chromatographic conditions on DMAPA detection was investigated.The results show that under alkaline condition,DMAPA in amphoteric surfactants reacts with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC)to form phenylurea derivatives.The DMAPA derivative is separated from other components by a phenyl column with acetonitrile gradient elution and UV detection at 254 nm.The linear correlation coefficient of the standard solution is 0.999 3.The recovery rate of the sample is good,and the average recovery is 95.9%-101.8%.This method can meet the requirements of quality analysis. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标