当期目录

2018年, 第48卷, 第10期　刊出日期：2018-10-20 上一期    下一期

基础研究

Select

4种阴离子表面活性剂易漂洗性能的比较研究 A comparative study on rinsability for four anionic surfactants 郭 宁,胡学一,李广禄,方 云,孙 洋,李华山 2018 (10):  545-550.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.001 摘要 ( 675 )   PDF(4334KB) ( 510 )   采用实验室建立的同时测定模拟漂洗硬水条件下泡沫衰减性和织物上表面活性剂的初始/残留吸附量的方法,对家居织物洗涤剂中常用的4种典型的阴离子表面活性剂的易漂洗性能进行了比较研究,并考察了易漂洗性能与表面活性剂的钙离子稳定性之间的关系。实验结果表明,表面活性剂的钙离子稳定性与硬水漂洗液的泡沫性正相关,而与表面活性剂在织物上的初始/残留吸附量负相关。具有适中钙离子稳定性的改性羧酸盐(N-月桂酰基肌氨酸钠)具有最佳易漂洗性,磺酸盐(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)次之,而钙离子稳定性极低的皂类(月桂酸钠)或钙离子稳定性极高的阴-非离子型硫酸酯盐(十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠)均不属于易漂洗表面活性剂。这一研究结果对易漂洗阴离子表面活性剂的分子结构设计以及节水型洗涤剂的研发具有理论指导意义和应用价值。 A comparative study on the rinsability of surfactants was performed among four anionic surfactants which are commonly used in household laundry detergents.A comprehensive evaluation method was applied which was based on the foam decay in the rinse liquor and the initial/residual adsorption amount on the cloth during the model rinse process.The relationship between the rinsability of surfactant and its calcium ion stability was further investigated.The experimental results show that the calcium ion stabilities of surfactants have positive correlations with the foaming abilities of the model rinse liquor but negative correlations with the initial/residual adsorption amounts of surfactants on cloths.Therefore,the modified carboxylate surfactant (sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate) with moderate calcium ion stability shows the best ability of easy rinsing,and the sulfonate surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) is a little worse than it,but neither of the soap (sodium laurate) and the anionic-nonionic hybrid sulfate (sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate) are easy-rinse surfactants,whose calcium ion stabilities are low and high,respectively.These results have theoretical significance for molecular design of easy-rinse anionic surfactants and practical value for research and development of water-saving detergents. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

Select

化妆品功效评价(Ⅸ)——图像分析法在化妆品功效评价中的应用 Efficacy evaluation of cosmetics (Ⅸ) Application of image analysis method in the evaluation of cosmetic efficacy 李诚桐,赵 华,王 敏 2018 (10):  551-557.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.002 摘要 ( 525 )   PDF(6156KB) ( 480 )   概述了图像分析法的发展概况,介绍了目前主要的图像分析仪器和分析技术在化妆品美白祛斑、舒缓、抗皱、控油祛痘、延缓皮肤衰老等功效评价方面的应用,并展望了基于图像分析法的评价方法发展的新趋势。 The development of image analysis method was summarized.The application of the main image analysis instruments and techniques in the cosmetic efficacy evaluation of whitening,spot removing,soothing,anti-wrinkle,oil-control,anti-acne and delaying skin aging were introduced.And the new trend of image analysis-based evaluation methods progress was also proposed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

Select

连结基对甜菜碱型双子表面活性剂表面活性和泡沫性能的影响 Effects of the spacer on the surface activity and foaming properties of betaine Gemini surfactants 赖小娟,刘 佩,田 伟,汪 洁,惠艳妮,贾友亮 2018 (10):  558-563.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.003 摘要 ( 246 )   PDF(3816KB) ( 277 )   以3-氯-2-羟基丙烷磺酸钠、油酸酰胺丙基二甲基叔胺和溴代烷为原料合成了一系列甜菜碱型双子表面活性剂Cs-BGS(C为连结基中亚甲基,s=2,4,6)。采用FT-IR和1H NMR对产物进行了结构表征。分别使用吊片法和电导率法测定产物在25 ℃水溶液中的临界胶束浓度(cmc)。结果表明,随着连结基长度的增加,其平衡表面张力(γcmc)及cmc增加。C2-BGS的cmc最低,降低表面张力的效率(pc20)较高,在空气-水界面处有强烈的吸附,并且泡沫性能相对较好。此外,通过pc20、极限占有面积(Amin)、标准吸附自由能(ΔG0ads)和标准胶束化自由能(ΔG0mic)估算Cs-BGS的吸附和胶束化行为。结果表明,Cs-BGS的这些性质受连结基长度影响很大,且促进吸附行为的能力更强。 A series of betaine-type Gemini surfactants (Cs-BGS where C is the methylene of the spacer,s=2,4,6) were synthesized from sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate,oleamidopropyl dimethylamine and bromoalkane.The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR.Their critical micelle concentration (cmc)in the aqueous solution at 25 ℃ was determined by Wilhelmy and electrical conductivity methods.The results show that with the increasing length of the spacer,the values of cmc and equilibrium surface tension (γcmc)are increased.C2-BGS has exhibited the lowest cmc,nice efficiency in reducing surface tension (pc20),strong adsorption at the air-water interface,and relatively good foaming performance.In addition,the adsorption and micellization behaviors of Cs-BGS were estimated by pc20,minimum surface area per molecule (Amin),standard adsorption free energy (ΔG0ads)and standard micellization free energy (ΔG0mic).The results show that these properties of Cs-BGS are significantly influenced by the length of the spacer,and the ability to promote adsorption is stronger than to promote micellization. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷改性H3PW12O40/MCM-41在蓖麻油脱水反应中催化性能研究 Research on the catalytic performance of dodecyltriethoxysilane-modified H3PW12O40/MCM-41 in the dehydration of castor oil 丁建飞,严翠霞,许 伟,邵 荣 2018 (10):  564-570.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.004 摘要 ( 261 )   PDF(4630KB) ( 255 )   采用十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷(DTES)改性H3PW12O40/MCM-41催化剂,研究了硅氧烷偶联剂改性对催化剂上蓖麻油脱水制备脱水蓖麻油反应性能的影响。结果表明,硅氧烷偶联剂改性有利于显著提高催化剂上H3PW12O40物相的分散度,主要原因是由于硅氧烷偶联剂增加了相邻H3PW12O40分子的空间位阻;分散度的提高导致了催化剂上总酸量以及Brnsted酸占总酸量的比值显著增加,且酸强度减弱,从而有利于蓖麻油转化率、脱水蓖麻油选择性和催化剂稳定性的提高。在220 ℃,H3PW12O40和DTES最佳负载量分别为15%和9%的条件下反应1.5 h,羟值、碘值分别达到8.3 mg KOH/g和149.3 g I2/100 g。 The H3PW12O40/MCM-41 catalyst was modified by dodecyltriethoxysilane (DTES).The effects of DTES-modification on the catalytic performance of the catalyst in the dehydration of castor oil were studied.The results show that the modification with DTES can significantly improve the dispersity of H3PW12O40 on MCM-41,because the steric hindrance is increased between adjacent H3PW12O40 moleculars.The improved dispersity of H3PW12O40 results in the increase of total acidity and the ratio of Brnsted/(Brnsted+Lewis) acids,and the weaking of the acid strength,which facilitates the conversion of castor oil,the selectivity to dehydrated castor oil,and the catalytic stability.Given the optimized loadings of H3PW12O40 (15%) and DTES (9%),the hydroxyl and iodine values thus obtained are 8.3 mg KOH/g and 149.3 g I2/100 g,respectively,after the reaction at 220 ℃ for 1.5 h. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

新型对称性两亲含硅聚合物的合成与界面性能 Synthesis and interfacial properties of novel symmetric amphiphilic silicon-containing polymers 薛丹丹,李一菲,张 剑,郝俊生,黄 鑫,张 越 2018 (10):  571-576.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.005 摘要 ( 263 )   PDF(4264KB) ( 247 )   基于原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)机理,以二甲基一氯硅烷封端的烯丙基-聚乙二醇为起始剂,甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA)为单体,通过控制反应温度,合成了一系列聚合度(DPNMR)分别为0.74,1.67和3.07的新型对称性两亲含硅共聚物(PEMA-b-Si-PEG-Si-b-PEMA),并评价了该共聚物在氯仿/水界面的界面活性和吸附行为。结果表明:该类聚合物可以有效降低氯仿/水界面张力,具有最短PEMA链的聚合物可将氯仿/水界面张力从32 mN/m降低至约23 mN/m。动态界面张力分析表明:低浓度的共聚物在吸附的初始阶段符合扩散控制,且较短的PEMA链段有利于产生较快的扩散速率。平衡界面张力分析表明:随着界面浓度的增加,共聚物将表现出多种吸附状态,其吸附状态的数量以及聚合物在界面的偏摩尔面积将随着PEMA链长度的增加而增加。 A series of novel symmetric amphiphilic silicon-containing polymers (PEMA-b-Si- PEG-Si-b-PEMA) were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP),which was achieved by the polymerization of ethyl methacrylate (EMA) with dimethylchlorosilane-terminated allyl-substituted poly(ethylene glycol).The DPNMR was 0.74,1.67 and 3.07 as controlled by the reaction temperature.The interfacial activity and adsorption behavior of the polymers at chloroform-water interface were evaluated.The results show that the polymers can effectively reduce the chloroform-water interfacial tension,and the polymer with the shortest PEMA chain can reduce the chloroform-water interfacial tension from 32 mN/m to approximately 23 mN/m.The analysis of dynamic interfacial tension indicates that the adsorption at the initial stage is diffusion-controlled at lower concentrations of the polymer,and the shorter PEMA chain facilitates a faster diffusion rate.Equilibrium adsorption analysis reveals that the polymer exhibits various adsorption states as the interface coverage is increased,and the number of adsorption states and the range of partial molar area increase with the increase of PEMA chain length. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

流变学性质在乳化工艺条件中的应用研究 Application research of rheological properties in emulsifying process conditions 樊 悦,陈 强,金 浩,方 波,何泉泉,张 洪 2018 (10):  577-581.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.006 摘要 ( 365 )   PDF(3521KB) ( 289 )   研究了流变学性质在O/W型乳液化妆品生产工艺中的应用,通过测试不同乳化时间下乳液体系的宏观流变性质和微流变性质得到量产放大产品达到乳化终点所需的乳化时间。结果表明,随着乳化时间的增加,该O/W型乳液体系触变性和黏弹性逐渐减弱,弹性因子(EI)下降,宏观黏性因子(MVI)下降,固液平衡值(SLB)上升,体系的流动性逐渐增强;乳化时间大于10 min时,体系的流变性不再随乳化时间的增加而变化,证明体系此时已达到乳化终点。利用动态光散射理论得到的微流变性质与常规机械方法得到的宏观流变性质在乳化终点的判定上结论一致,此外微流变仪具有测试速度快、准确性高、样品量少、不破坏样品等优点,有望进一步扩大在O/W型乳液化妆品生产工艺中的应用。 In this work,the application of rheological properties in the production process of O/W-based emulsion cosmetics has been studied.The macroscopic rheological properties and micro-rheological properties of the emulsion system under different emulsifying time were tested to obtain the time required for the mass production to reach the emulsion endpoint.The results show that with the increase of emulsifying time,the investigated O/W system presents weaker thixotropy and viscoelasticity,lower elasticity index (EI) values,lower macroscopic viscosity index (MVI) values and higher solid-liquid balance (SLB) values.When the emulsifying time is more than 10 min,the rheological parameters of the system no longer change with the increase of time,indicating that the system reaches the emulsion endpoint.In the determination of the emulsion endpoint,the micro-rheological properties obtained by dynamic light scattering theory are consistent with the macroscopic rheological properties obtained by conventional mechanical methods.Moreover,the micro-rheometer possesses the advantages of fast testing speed,high accuracy,small sample amount and no damage to samples,which is expected to expand the application in the production process of O/W-based emulsion. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

抗紫外聚多巴胺香料纳米胶囊缓释体系的研究 Study on UV-screen polydopamine nanocapsules for sustained release of fragrance 王久标, 储 鸿 2018 (10):  582-588.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.007 摘要 ( 294 )   PDF(6380KB) ( 262 )   利用多巴胺(DA)在碱性溶液中的自氧化和聚合,在香料乳液液滴表面涂覆聚多巴胺(PDA)层制备香料PDA纳米胶囊,比较了PDA对不同香料的包覆性能和缓释效果。结果发现苯乙醛和香茅醛因与多巴胺(DA)发生Maillard反应而不能被包覆,苯乙醇、香茅醇、乙酸苯乙酯和乙酸香茅酯则能被包覆在纳米胶囊内部,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态激光光散射(DLS)结果显示:香料纳米胶囊基本呈球形,分布较均匀,香料种类对粒径影响大,可由88 nm(乙酸香茅酯)变化到556 nm(苯乙醇)。对香茅醇的包埋率最高,可达到19.8%,在常温下保存50 d后香料保留率可保持69.39%以上,具有良好的缓释性能,同时由于PDA对紫外及可见光有一定的吸收,因此可以为光敏性或光毒性香料的应用提供进一步的光屏蔽作用。 Using the auto-oxidation and polymerization of dopamine (DA) in an alkaline solution,a polydopamine (PDA)layer was coated on the surface of the fragrance emulsion to prepare a PDA nanocapsules of fragrance.The coating property and sustained release effects of PDA on different fragrance were compared.It is found that benzyl alcohol,citronella,ethyl acetate and citronella acetate can be encapsulated inside the PDA nanocapsules,while phenyl acetaldehyde and citronellal can't be coated due to the Maillard reaction with dopamine monomer.The results of field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM)and dynamic laser light reflection (DLS)show that the fragrance nanocapsules are basically spherical and evenly distributed.The fragrance types have a great influence on the particle size,which can be changed from 88 nm (citronella acetate)to 556 nm (benzyl alcohol).The amount of fragrance encapsulated and the released behavior were investigated by both thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)and gas chromatography (GC).It is shown that the embedding rate of citronella is the highest,reaching 19.8%.After 50 days of storage at room temperature,the retention rate of the fragrance can be maintained above 69.39%,with good sustained release property.The PDA nanocapsules can provide further light screening for the photosensitizing or phototoxic fragrances owing to the ability of PDA to absorb ultraviolet and visible light. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

Select

皮肤中初级抗氧化剂及其在化妆品中的应用研究进展 Research progress on primary antioxidants in skin and their application in cosmetics 熊晨阳,易 帆,薛 燕,朱文驿,孟 宏 2018 (10):  589-594.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.008 摘要 ( 422 )   PDF(4609KB) ( 357 )   介绍了皮肤的初级抗氧化系统,综述了各种抗氧化物质,包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、醛酮还原酶等酶类物质和维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、辅酶Q10、谷胱甘肽、硫氧还蛋白、金属硫蛋白、铜蓝蛋白、硒等非酶类物质的抗氧化作用,以及抗氧化化妆品的发展现状,并展望了化妆品抗氧化剂的发展前景。 The primary antioxidant system of skin was introduced.The antioxidant activities of various antioxidants,including enzymes such as superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione reductase and aldosterone reductase,and non-enzymatic substances such as vitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin E,carotenoid,coenzyme Q10,glutathione,thioredoxin,metallothionein,ceruloplasmin and selenium were reviewed.The development status of antioxidative cosmetics was reviewed,and the prospect of cosmetic antioxidants were proposed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

化妆品遗传毒性试验研究进展及思考 Progress and thought on the research of cosmetic genetic toxicity tests 秦美蓉,王晓炜,王 平 2018 (10):  595-600.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.009 摘要 ( 327 )   PDF(5813KB) ( 275 )   介绍了遗传毒性试验方法的研究进展,对SCCS指南、ICH指导原则、ISO国际标准和《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)遗传毒性试验的标准进行了分析和比较,对我国化妆品遗传毒性试验方法和试验组合提出建议,为化妆品原料和相关产品的遗传毒性评价提供参考。 This paper introduced the research progress of genotoxicity test methods and analyzed and compared the genotoxicity test standards of SCCS's Notes of Guidance,ICH Guidance,ISO International Standard and Safety and Technical Standard for Cosmetics (2015 edition).Suggestions on the test methods and test battery of cosmetic genotoxicity in China were put forward.It provides reference for genetic toxicity evaluation of cosmetic ingredients and related products. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

Select

曙红Y分光光度法测定季铵盐消毒剂的含量分析方法研究 Study on the analytical method for determination of quaternary ammonium salt content in disinfector by eosin Y spectrophotometry 梁勇坤,郭丽娟,王北明 2018 (10):  601-604.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.10.010 摘要 ( 398 )   PDF(2417KB) ( 288 )   建立了一种紫外-可见分光光度法测定消毒剂中季铵盐含量的方法。用水溶性曙红Y与季铵盐进行显色反应,使用紫外-可见分光光度计测量其在545 nm处的吸光度。结果表明,季铵盐类消毒剂的线性范围为0.5~5.0 mg/L,相关系数均大于0.999,相对标准偏差小于5%,回收率在97.0%~107.5%之间,该方法快速、准确,适用于消毒剂中季铵盐含量的测定。 A uv-visible spectrophotometry method for the determination of quaternary ammonium salt in disinfector was established. The color reaction was carried out with water-soluble eosin Y and quaternary ammonium salt,and the absorbance at 545 nm was measured by uv-visible spectrophotometer. The results show that the linear range of quaternary ammonium disinfector is 0.5~5.0 mg/L,the linear correlation coefficient is above 0.999,the relative standard deviation of the method is less than 5%,and the recovery rate is between 97.0% and 107.5%. The method is fast and accurate,and is suitable for the determination of quaternary ammonium salt content in disinfector. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标