日用化学工业（中英文）

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含哌啶环的阳离子双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究
Synthesis and properties of cationic Gemini surfactant containing bis-piperidinium group

谢益诚, 许虎君, 刘佳佳, 刘凡

2017 (4): 181-185. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.001

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以苯胺、环氧氯丙烷、哌啶和1-溴癸烷为原料经过三步反应合成了含有哌啶环的阳离子双子表面活性剂C₁₀-CGP。采用FT-IR、MS和¹H NMR对产物进行了结构表征。研究了其Krafft点、乳化性能和乳化沥青时的相关性能,并测定了25~40 ℃的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、平衡表面张力(γ_cmc)及相应的热力学函数。结果表明,C₁₀-CGP的Krafft点低于0 ℃,乳化分水时间为532 s。25 ℃时,cmc为0.976×10^-3 mol/L,γ_cmc为28.93 mN/m。随着温度的升高,cmc增大、γ_cmc减小、饱和吸附量(Γ_max)减小、极限占有面积(A_min)增大。乳化沥青测试表明,C₁₀-CGP是慢裂型沥青乳化剂,贮存稳定性好且乳化沥青粒径分布较窄。 A cationic Gemini surfactant containing bis-piperidinium group (hereinafter refers to as C₁₀-CGP) was synthesized via three steps with aniline,epichlorohydrin,piperidine and 1-bromodecane as starting materials.The product was characterized by FT-IR,MS and ¹H NMR.The Krafft point and emulsifying power of the product as well as performance of emulsified asphalt prepared with the product were examined.The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and corresponding surface tension (γ_cmc) of C₁₀-CGP were measured at temperature range from 25 ℃ to 40 ℃ and thermodynamic parameters of the micellization were calculated.Results show that the Krafft point of C₁₀-CGP is below 0 ℃;stable time of emulsified liquid achieves 532 s;the cmc and γ_cmc at 25 ℃ is 0.976×10^-3 mol/L and 28.93 mN/m respectively.With the increase of temperature,the cmc increases,while the γ_cmc decreases,the maximum surface adsorption capacity (Γ_max) decreases and the minimum molecule sectional area (A_min) increases.Emulsified asphalt test shows that C₁₀-CGP is a slow-crack type asphalt emulsifier;storage stability of the emulsified asphalt is good and particle size distribution of the emulsified asphalt is narrow.

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离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅳ)——离子液体表面活性剂的表面活性
Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅳ)Surface activities

惠蒙蒙, 邹文苑, 杨许召, 徐清杰, 王军

2017 (4): 186-191. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.002

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按照离子液体表面活性剂的分类,分别综述了表面活性剂分子结构对临界胶束浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γ_cmc)、表面吸附效率(pc₂₀)、表面饱和吸附量(Γ_max)和分子最小截面积(A_min)等表面活性参数的影响。与传统表面活性剂相比,离子液体结构的引入提高了表面活性剂的表面活性,丰富了表面活性剂的品种。烷基碳链长度对表面活性的影响与传统表面活性剂相似。 According to the type of ionic liquid surfactants,the effect of the surfactant structure on the surface activity parameters,such as critical micelle concentration (cmc),lowest surface tension (γ_cmc),surface adsorption efficiency (pc₂₀),maximun surface adsorption (Γ_max) and minimum molecular sectional area (A_min) were summarized separately.As compared with traditional surfactants,the introduction of ionic liquid group upgrades surface active performance of the surfactant and varieties of surfactant were increased.The effect of alkyl carbon chain length on the surface active performance of ionic liquid surfactants is similar to that of the traditional surfactants.

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非离子表面活性剂对阳离子复合杀菌剂杀菌性能的影响
Effect of nonionic surfactants on the bactericidal performance of the composite cationic disinfectant

赵刘晨, 张辉, 王万绪, 王国永

2017 (4): 192-196. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.003

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在棕榈油乙氧基化物(NOE-P_n) (n=3,6,9,12和14)质量浓度为50 mg/L的条件下,通过研究其EO加合数(n)对由双癸基二甲基甲酸铵(DDAF)、双烷基(碳数8～10)二甲基氯化铵(D8-10)、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐(IB)、双癸基甲基羟乙基氯化铵(DEQ)和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227) 5种阳离子表面活性剂复合组成的杀菌剂(阳离子复合杀菌剂,总质量浓度为140 mg/L,其中m(DDAF)∶m(D8-10)∶m(IB)∶m(DEQ)∶m(1227)=3∶2∶3∶3∶3)杀菌性能的影响,结果发现杀菌时间为20 min的条件下在n=9时(NOE-P₉),对阳离子复合杀菌剂的影响最小,与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO₉)基本一致。在阳离子复合杀菌剂中引入非离子表面活性剂NOE-P₉、AEO₉和烷基糖苷(APG0810)以及阴-非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚羧酸(AE₉C),发现其对白色念珠菌的影响较大。在此基础上,对比了提高杀菌剂的总质量浓度至180 mg/L和延长杀菌时间至1 h的杀菌效果。结果发现浓度的提高使得杀菌性能略有增强;延长杀菌时间可以明显提升复合体系的杀菌效果,尤其是非离子表面活性剂质量浓度较低时,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀灭对数值均大于6。 Effect of number of EO adducted into palm oil ethoxylate (NOE-P_n) (n=3,6,9,12 or 14) with a mass concentration of 50 mg/L on bactericidal activity of the composite cationic disinfectant that consists of didecyldimethylammonium formate (DDAF),dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (carbon chain length 8-10,D8-10),poly hexamethylene bis-guanidine hydrochloride salt (IB),didecylmethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride (DEQ) and lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (1227),with a composite mass ratio of DDAF/D8-10/IB/DEQ/1227 of 3/2/3/3/3 and an overall mass concentration of 140 mg/L was examined.Results show that the influence on composite cationic disinfectant caused by NOE-P_n occurs at n=9 (i.e.,NOE-P₉) with a treatment time period of 20 min is at the minimum,which is basically same as that of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (9) ether (AEO₉).Furthermore,introduction of either nonionic surfactant NOE-P₉,AEO₉,alkyl polyglycoside (APG0810) or anionic-nonionic surfactant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (9) ether carboxylic acid (AE₉C) will result in significant impact on bactericidal activity of composite cationic disinfectant with respect to Candida albicans (ATCC10231).Comparison between effects of increase of mass concentration to 180 mg/L and extension of treatment time period up to 1 h was made and results show that the increase of mass concentration can slightly improve the bactericidal performance,while the extension of treatment time period can conspicuously raise the bactericidal efficacy especially for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538) and Escherichia coli (ATCC8099),both the value of KL is higher than 6.

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硅氟两亲聚合物在柴油/水体系中的分水效能及机理
Water separation performance and mechanism of fluoro-silicone amphiphilic polymers in diesel oil-water emulsion system

张乘风, 刘茜, 白雪丽, 薛丹丹, 孙慧燕, 张剑, 张越

2017 (4): 197-201. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.004

摘要 ( 276 )

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对4种含氟链段聚合度不同的硅氟聚合物在柴油/水体系中的分水效能进行了评价,并通过界面张力和界面黏弹性研究了其分水机理。结果表明,随着含氟链段聚合度的增加,其油水分离时间先减小后增大。含氟单体平均聚合度为16的聚合物质量浓度为0.2 g/L时,在23 s内实现柴油/水的完全分离。界面张力不是影响分水效能的主要因素,该类聚合物主要通过降低界面膜黏弹性实现有效分水。 Water separation efficacy of diesel oil-water emulsion system of four kinds of fluoro-silicone polymer with different degree of polymerization of the fluorinated chain was evaluated,and the mechanism for such phenomena was studied via interfacial tension and interfacial viscoelasticity measurements.Results show that,following the increase of degree of polymerization of the fluorinated chain,time needed for diesel oil-water separation decreases firstly and then increases.In case the degree of polymerization of the fluorinated chain achieves 16 and the mass concentration of fluoro-silicone polymer achieves 0.2 g/L,complete separation of diesel oil and water can be performed within 23 s.Interfacial tension is not the main factor affecting the water separation efficacy.Effective water separation of this kind of polymer is mainly caused by reduction of viscoelasticity of the interfacial film.

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两种聚合物表面活性剂与渤海B油田原油乳化性能研究
Study on emulsifying performance of two kinds of polymer-surfactant and crude oil from Bohai Oilfield Section B

吕鹏, 王成胜, 吴晓燕, 左清泉, 吴雅丽, 樊俊楼

2017 (4): 202-206. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.005

摘要 ( 271 )

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以渤海B油田脱水原油与煤油的混合模拟油为油相,以聚合物表面活性剂(简称聚表剂)JBJ-1、JBJ-2或普通聚合物Pn溶液为水相,研究水油体积比为8∶2时形成的乳状液的稳定性能。结果表明,模拟油和聚表剂溶液形成的乳状液较稳定,黏度不是影响乳状液稳定的主要因素。同时考察了聚表剂质量浓度和水油体积比对乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,聚表剂质量浓度越大,乳状液越稳定;当JBJ-1质量浓度为0.2 g/L或JBJ-2质量浓度为0.2和0.4 g/L时,随着水油体积比的增加乳状液稳定性降低;在较高质量浓度(ρ(JBJ-1)>0.2 g/L或ρ(JBJ-2)>0.4 g/L)时,随着水油体积比的增加乳状液稳定性变好,破乳时间延迟,最大析水率增加。 Stability performance of emulsion generated with simulated crude oil composed of dewatered crude oil from Bohai Oilfield Section B and kerosene as the oil phase and solution of polymer-surfactant JBJ-1,JBJ-2 or conventional polymer Pn as the water phase at the water-oil volume ratio of 8∶2 was examined.Results show that the emulsion generated with polymer-surfactant was comparatively more stable.Viscosity is not the main influencing factor of emulsion stability.The stability of emulsion was examined at different mass concentrations of polymer-surfactant solution and at different water-oil volume ratios.Results show that the emulsion stability improves with the increase of mass concentration of polymer-surfactant.For the same kind of polymer-surfactant,when the mass concentration of JBJ-1 at 0.2 g/L or JBJ-2 at 0.2 and 0.4 g/L,the emulsion stability decreases,but the emulsion stability becomes better at a higher mass concentration (ρ( JBJ-1)>0.2 g/L,or ρ(JBJ-2)>0.4 g/L) with the increase of water-oil volume ratio.The demulsification time delays and the maximum water decantation rate increases.

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冰川水和五脉绿绒蒿提取物的美容功效研究
Study on cosmetological efficacy of glacier water and Meconopsis quintuplinervia extract

陈迪, 章漳, 蒋耀权, 方兆华, 丛峰松

2017 (4): 207-211. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.006

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研究了冰川水和五脉绿绒蒿提取物对人真皮成纤维细胞(HDF-a)的作用。采用MTT法检测了冰川水和五脉绿绒蒿提取物对HDF-a增殖活性的影响,利用荧光试剂盒检测了二者对HDF-a内ATP水平的影响,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测了二者对HDF-a细胞外基质中透明质酸含量的影响,利用Western Blot法研究了二者对HDF-a细胞外基质中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白表达的影响。实验结果表明,与对照组相比,冰川水处理后HDF-a增殖速度加快、代谢水平提高、透明质酸含量上升、弹性蛋白表达上调,且差异有统计学意义。五脉绿绒蒿提取物对HDF-a的作用在上述方面更为明显,同时可以促进Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的表达。二者共同作用时效果更为显著。 The effect of glacier water and Meconopsis quintuplinervia extract on human dermal fibroblast-adult (HDF-a) was studied respectively and collaboratively.Effect of glacier water and Meconopsis quintuplinervia extract on cell proliferation activity of HDF-a was evaluated by MTT assay and on level of cellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) with an ATP Assay Kit.Effect of glacier water and Meconopsis quintuplinervia extract on content of hyaluronic acid in extracellular matrix (ECM) of HDF-a was evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and their effect on expression of collagenⅠand elastin in ECM was detected by Western Blot.The results show that,as comparing with the control group,glacier water can promote the proliferation activity and energy metabolism level of HDF-a as well as enhancing cellular content of hyaluronic acid compared with the control group.Glacier water also displays a capacity of enhancing the expression of elastin.All of the above-mentioned differences are statistically significant.The effect of Meconopsis quintuplinervia extract with respect to the above-mentioned aspects is more obvious than that of glacier water,and the extract shows an ability of promoting the expression of collagenⅠ.When glacier water and Meconopsis quintuplinervia extract are used collaboratively,their efficacy on HDF-a is much more obvious.

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包覆二氧化钛固体脂质微粒的制备研究
Preparation technology of solid lipid nanoparticles for encapsulation of nano-titanium dioxide

李玲玉, 张婉萍, 张倩洁

2017 (4): 212-218. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.007

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采用界面复合物生成法制备包覆纳米TiO₂的固体脂质微粒,并对配方进行优化。分别研究了乳化剂硬脂酰谷氨酸钠与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-21的复配比例、固态油脂以及液态油脂的质量分数对包覆纳米TiO₂固体脂质微粒的制备及防晒性能的影响。实验结果表明: 在纳米TiO₂质量分数为3%的条件下, 乳化剂总质量分数为8%,m(硬脂酰谷氨酸钠)∶m(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-21)=2∶1,固态油脂二十二碳醇质量分数为4.5%,液态油脂硅油345质量分数为4.5%时,制备得到的包覆纳米TiO₂固体脂质微粒的平均粒径为219.7 nm,PDI=0.221,体系稳定性较好。在纳米TiO₂质量分数不变的前提下,乳化剂复配比例和液态油脂质量分数的变化对包覆纳米TiO₂固体脂质微粒的紫外吸收性能影响较大,固态油脂质量分数的变化影响不大。 Nano-TiO₂ encapsulated with solid lipid nanoparticles was prepared by interface compound generation method,and the formulation was optimized.The influences of blending ratio of emulsifiers sodium stearoyl glutamate (SG) to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-21 (S21),as well as the mass fraction of solid lipid (docosanol) and liquid lipid (silicone oil 345) on quality and sunscreening performance of the product were studied.Results show that under conditions as:mass fraction of nano-TiO₂,3%;total mass fraction of emulsifiers,8% (in which m(SG)∶m(S21)=2∶1);mass fraction of docosanol,4.5%;mass fraction of silicone oil 345,4.5%;average particle size of solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated nano-TiO₂ product achieves 219.7 nm,and value of polydispersity index (PDI) achieves 0.221.The system stability of the product is quite good.Comparison of the various influencing factors shows that,for a fixed mass fraction of nano-TiO₂,the blending ratio of the emulsifiers as well as mass fraction of the liquid lipid displays rather big influence on UV absorption performance of the product,while that of solid lipid is not big.

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睡莲花提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用及其动力学研究
Inhibitory action of extracts from water lily flower on tyrosinase activity and its kinetics

李倩, 李晨阳, 詹羽娇, 买吾拉江·阿不都热衣木, 徐芳, 赵军

2017 (4): 219-222. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.008

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采用紫外分光光度计测定多巴醌,得到了睡莲花提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制率;以L-酪氨酸为底物,采用酶动力学的方法研究了睡莲花提取物对酪氨酸酶单酚酶活性的抑制作用及抑制机制。结果表明,睡莲花提取物对酪氨酸酶具有明显抑制作用,其中30%乙醇洗脱部位抑制效果最好,其对酪氨酸酶单酚酶活性的抑制作用表现为可逆反竞争型抑制;50%乙醇洗脱部位对酪氨酸酶单酚酶活性的抑制作用表现为可逆性抑制,低浓度时为混合型,高浓度时为竞争型。 Tyrosinase inhibitory ratio of extracts from water lily (Nymphaea candida Presl.) flower (70% ethanol extract,NCE;30% ethanol elution parts,NCEA;50% ethanol elution parts,NCEB) were obtained based upon determination of dopa quinone with ultraviolet spectrophotometer.Furthermore,the effect of the extracts on monophenolase activity of tyrosinase and its inhibiting mechanism were examined by enzyme reaction kinetics method adopting L-tyrosine as substrate.Results show that these extracts can obviously inhibit activity of tyrosinase,of which NCEA displays the best inhibition effect as comparing with that of NCE and NCEB.The inhibition of NCEA on monophenolase activity of tyrosinase displays as reversible anti-competitive inhibition;while NCEB displays as reversible inhibition with mixed inhibition under low concentration condition,and competitive inhibition under high concentration condition.

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石膏加工用大分子表面活性剂的种类、性能及作用
Types,performance and effect of macromolecular surfactants used for gypsum ore processing

安转转, 周平萍, 吴华春, 夏咏梅, 方云, 王海军

2017 (4): 223-227. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.009

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对木质素磺酸盐、萘系、三聚氰胺、氨基磺酸系、聚羧酸系和聚羧酸聚醚聚磺(硫)酸盐几种石膏加工用大分子表面活性剂对石膏性能及半水石膏水化过程的影响进行了综合分析,探讨了开发石膏用大分子表面活性剂中存在的问题。 Effect of various types of macromolecular surfactant used for gypsum ore processing,such as lignosulfonates,naphthalene derivatives,melamine,aminosulfonic acid series,polycarboxylate series and polycarboxylate polyether sulfonates (sulfates) as well as their effect on performance of the gypsum plaster product and hydration process of calcium sulfate hemihydrate was summarized.Problems for development of macromolecular surfactants in gypsum ore processing were discussed.

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皮肤模型在化妆品功效评价中的应用研究进展
Progress in field of research work for application of human-skin models in efficacy evaluation of cosmetics

孔雪, 赵华, 唐颖

2017 (4): 228-231. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.010

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综述了三维重组皮肤模型及其在美白防晒、皮肤屏障、保湿抗衰、舒敏修复和大气污染防护领域中的研究与应用现状,分析了目前皮肤模型的优缺点,并对其未来的发展提出了建议。 Three-dimensional reconstructed human-skin models and current status with respect to research work for application of three-dimensional reconstructed human-skin models in the fields of depigmentation and sunscreen,skin barrier function,moisturizing and anti-sanility,sensitiveness releasing and renewal as well as protection against air pollution were summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of the human-skin models used currently were discussed with comments and suggestions for its future development.

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高效液相色谱法测定糖苷类表面活性剂产品中糖类物质的含量
Determination of monose and polysaccharides in glucoside-based surfactant products by HPLC

张军, 杨秀全, 周媛, 孙永强, 李运玲

2017 (4): 232-240. doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.04.011

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建立了同时测定糖苷类表面活性剂产品中单糖和多糖含量的高效液相色谱法。采用Zorbax Eclipse Plus C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5 μm)分离,甲醇-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,蒸发光散射检测器检测。用葡萄糖和麦芽三糖为对照品,外标两点法同时测定糖苷产品中单糖和多糖的含量。结果表明,单糖和多糖的检出限分别约为1.5和2.0 μg/L,回收率分别为100.4%和99.1%。与既有方法相比,此方法可以同时分析产品中残留原料糖和副产物多糖的含量,且在分析非还原性单糖方面具有独特优势。 A HPLC method for simultaneous determination of contents of monose and polysaccharides in glucoside-based surfactant products was established.The method adopts evaporative light-scattering detector and Zorbax Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5 μm) with methanol and water as the mobile phase at a rate of 1.0 mL/min.The contents of saccharides were calculated by external standard two-point method using glucose and maltotriose as control samples.Results show that the detection limit of monose and polysaccharides is 1.5 and 2.0 μg/L respectively while the recovery is 100.4% and 99.1% respectively.As comparing with the conventional methods,this method displays unique superiority in determination of non-reducing monose and the residual glucose from raw material for preparation of glucoside-based surfactants as well as the by-products polysaccharides can be determined simultaneously.

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