渤海高含水油田化学法提高采收率技术研究进展及发展方向

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着部分海上老油田进入中高含水阶段，稳油控水已成为提高采收率技术的重要手段之一。本文概述了渤海高含水油田提高采收率技术发展历程、研究进展及现场应用情况，针对渤海油田地质油藏特征和水驱开发过程中的主要矛盾，归纳总结了适用的提高采收率技术种类，主要包括调剖体系、调驱体系和驱油体系三大类，系统介绍了各类技术的作用机理、研究现状和实践成果，分析了现有技术不足之处，并对渤海油田提高采收率技术面临主要挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望，即高温高压及低渗等非常规油田的开发是技术面对的主要难题，未来在化学药剂研发方面需更注重绿色环保、智能化、低成本及多功能新材料的研发，在施工工艺方面则应向规模化、在线化、自动化趋势发展。

关键词: 高含水, 稳油控水, 渤海油田, 提高采收率

Abstract:

As some offshore oil fields enter the medium to high water-cut stage, oil stabilization and water control have become one of the important means to enhance oil recovery. In this review, the development history, research progress, and field applications of chemical EOR technologies in Bohai oilfield were outlined. Addressing the reservoir geological characteristics of Bohai oilfield and the key challenges during waterflooding, those applicable chemical EOR technologies were summarized and primarily categorized into three systems: Profile control systems, profile control and flooding systems, and oil displacement systems. The operational mechanisms, research status, and practical achievements of each technology category were systematically introduced, and the existing technical limitations were also analyzed. Furthermore, the main challenges and future development directions for chemical EOR technologies in Bohai oilfield were prospected. Notably, the development of unconventional reservoirs featured by high temperature, high pressure, and low permeability was the major technical obstacle. Future research should prioritize the development of green and environmentally friendly, intelligent, low-cost, and multifunctional chemical materials. In terms of operational processes, the industry should advance toward large-scale implementation, online operations, and automated technologies.

Key words: high water-cut, oil stabilization and water control, Bohai oilfield, EOR

中图分类号:

TE341

郑玉飞, 亓翔, 李翔, 刘金龙, 覃庆波, 贾永康, 冯轩. 渤海高含水油田化学法提高采收率技术研究进展及发展方向[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(5): 654-665.

Yufei Zheng, Xiang Qi, Xiang Li, Jinlong Liu, Qingbo Qin, Yongkang Jia, Xuan Feng. Research progress and development directions of enhanced oil recovery technologies for Bohai high water-cut oilfields[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(5): 654-665.

图/表 17

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

图6

图7

图8

表2

图9

图10

表3

图11

图12

图13

图14

参考文献 50

[1]	杨庆红, 张章, 李廷礼. 渤海陆相砂岩油田高含水期整体加密调整技术现状及展望[J]. 中国海上油气, 2024, 36 (4) : 119-130.
[2]	马立, 李进, 林家昱, 等. 渤海油田油水井治理技术与发展趋势[J]. 石油化工应用, 2020, 39 (6) : 1-4.
[3]	许亚南, 龙明, 张运来, 等. 海上多层合采稠油油藏高含水期油水渗流规律实验研究[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2017, 13 (4) : 37-40.
[4]	刘薇薇, 龚丽荣, 罗福全, 等. 水驱砂岩油藏优势渗流通道识别[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2020, 13 (1) : 42-47.
[5]	周立国. 低渗砂岩油藏优势注采方向量化表征技术及应用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2021, 28 (6) : 98-104. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.06.013
[6]	曹绪龙, 石静, 张磊, 等. 高温高盐油藏化学驱提高采收率理论技术与矿场应用[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2024, 31 (5) : 16-26.
[7]	孙龙德, 伍晓林, 周万富, 等. 大庆油田化学驱提高采收率技术[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45 (4) : 636-645. doi: 10.11698/PED.2018.04.09
[8]	张健, 李宜强, 李先杰, 等. 渤海油田非连续化学驱提高采收率机理[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45 (6) : 988-998. doi: 10.7623/syxb202406008
[9]	Firozjai A M, Hamid R S. Review on chemical enhanced oil recovery using polymer flooding: Fundamentals, experimental and numerical simulation[J]. Petroleum, 2020, 6 (2) : 115-122. doi: 10.1016/j.petlm.2019.09.003
[10]	Pothula G K, Vij R K, Bera A. An overview of chemical enhanced oil recovery and its status in India[J]. Petroleum Science, 2023, 20 (4) : 2305-2323. doi: 10.1016/j.petsci.2023.01.001
[11]	Dordzie G, Balhoff M. A review of chemical methods and testing techniques for enhanced oil recovery in shale reservoirs[J]. Fuel, 2025, 394 (15) : 135060.
[12]	Bai B J, Zhou J, Yin M. A comprehensive review of polyacrylamide polymer gels for conformance control[J]. Petroleum Exploration & Development, 2015, 42 (4) : 525-532.
[13]	Moosa H G, Mohamma M, Feridun E, et al. An experimental investigation of polyacrylamide and sulfonated polyacrylamides based gels crosslinked with Cr (III) -acetate for water shutoff in fractured oil reservoirs[J]. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018: 1-10.
[14]	刘芳君. 国内外堵水材料研究及应用进展[J]. 当代化工, 2022, 51 (4) : 946-949.
[15]	Zhang S L, Guo J X, Gu Y, et al. Polyacrylamide gel formed by Cr (III) and phenolic resin for water control in high-temperature reservoirs[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 194: 107423. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107423
[16]	Wang W H, Xu Y, Ge J J, et al. Phenolic resin gel suitable for medium-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022, 364 (15) : 119887.
[17]	杨卫华, 葛红江, 徐佳妮, 等. HPAM/酚醛凝胶体系的低温成胶性能改进[J]. 油田化学, 2019, 36 (4) : 630-635.
[18]	Zhang T C, Ge J J, Wu H, et al. Effect of AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) content on the properties of polymer gels[J]. Petroleum Science, 2022, 19 (2) : 697-706. doi: 10.1016/j.petsci.2022.01.006
[19]	Du D J, He Y, Pu W F, et al. Experimental study on EOR potential of P (AM/NVP) based gel in ultra-high temperature reservoirs[J]. Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 2024, 242: 213282. doi: 10.1016/j.geoen.2024.213282
[20]	Tao W, Jie Y, Sun Z S, et al. Solution and drilling fluid properties of water soluble AM-AA-SSS copolymers by inverse microemulsion[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2011, 78 (2) : 334-337. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2011.06.027
[21]	杨开吉, 张颖, 魏强, 等. 海上油田开发用抗温抗盐乳液聚合物研制与性能评价[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2024, 52 (4) : 118-127.
[22]	尉振业, 杨昌华, 成鹏飞. 高强度乳液冻胶体系的研究与应用[J]. 油田化学, 2023, 40 (2) : 272-276.
[23]	Dai B M, Xu P, Xu M B, et al. Synthesis and plugging effect of inverse emulsion polymerization microspheres (OPME) for oil-based drilling fluids[J]. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2023, 16 (4) : 104577.
[24]	韩文彬, 徐国瑞, 徐景亮, 等. 渤海B油田在线调剖乳液聚合物凝胶体系优选与应用[J]. 山东化工, 2025, 54 (1) : 188-190.
[25]	Zhang X, Deng J N, Yang K, et al. High-strength and self-degradable sodium alginate/polyacrylamide preformed particle gels for conformance control to enhance oil recovery[J]. Petroleum Science, 2022,19: 3149-3158.
[26]	Lai N, Chen S, Tang L, et al. Migration characteristics and profile control capabilities of preformed particle gel in porous media[J]. Petroleum, 2022, 8 (4) : 483-498. doi: 10.1016/j.petlm.2021.07.006
[27]	Luo Z L, Wang L L, Wang J, et al. Pore-scale modeling of preformed particle gel (PPG) extrusion in porous media[J]. Chemical Engineering Research & Design: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024, 204: 591-600.
[28]	Qiu Y, Wei M Z, Bai B B. Descriptive statistical analysis for the PPG field applications in China: Screening guidelines, design considerations, and performances[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 2017, 153: 1-11.
[29]	李翔, 郑玉飞, 刘晓宇. 亚微米-微米级体膨颗粒调剖剂PAS的研制及应用[J]. 石油与天然气化工, 2024, 53 (6) : 102-108.
[30]	Liu P C, Zhang X K, Wu Y B, et al. Enhanced oil recovery by air-foam flooding system in tight oil reservoirs: Study on the profile-controlling mechanisms[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 150: 208-216. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2016.12.001
[31]	Chen H, Wei B, Zhou X, et al. Theory and technology of enhanced oil recovery by gas and foam injection in complex reservoirs[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2025, 15 (3) : 181-184. doi: 10.46690/ager
[32]	苏毅, 孟祥海, 王少华, 等. 氮气泡沫辅助蒸汽驱技术研究及应用—以渤海油田稠油开发为例[J]. 当代化工, 2024, 53 (11) : 2742-2746.
[33]	李文静, 林吉生, 徐国瑞, 等. 绥中36-1油田氮气泡沫逐级调驱实验研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16 (9) : 177-181.
[34]	石海磊, 王彦春. 海上油田氮气泡沫压锥堵水技术应用[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33 (S1) : 299-302.
[35]	张云宝, 徐国瑞, 王楠, 等. 底水油藏三相纳米泡沫堵水效果实验[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2019, 38 (6) : 109-115.
[36]	李立冬, 梁拓. 泡沫堵水技术在高含水油田研究应用[J]. 中国科技信息, 2024 (10) : 93-96.
[37]	Yang Y H, Kang C Y, Fan H M, et al. Synergistic stabilization of emulsions by microspheres and surfactants for enhanced oil recovery[J]. Petroleum Science, 2025, 22 (6) : 2535-2545. doi: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.03.041
[38]	Wang X J, Sun Z, Zhang J, et al. Preparation of ultra-high temperature and high salinity resistant polymer microsphere and its property evaluation[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2025, 421: 126910. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2025.126910
[39]	Yu X R, Ji R J, Li Q H, et al. Core-shell polymer microsphere PSN@SiO₂ based on “dry water microreactor” for enhanced oil recovery and its properties[J]. Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 2024, 239: 212972. doi: 10.1016/j.geoen.2024.212972
[40]	冯轩, 徐国瑞, 刘丰钢, 等. 海上低渗油藏耐温抗盐微球体系的研究与应用[J]. 当代化工, 2024, 53 (12) : 2915-2919.
[41]	Shen M, Zhang C, Yan X, et al. Research progress and prospects of utilizing carbon-based nanomaterials in enhanced oil recovery[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2024, 14 (3) : 201-214. doi: 10.46690/ager
[42]	Du L, Xiao Y Y, Jiang Z C, et al. Towards in-depth profile control using dispersed particle gels (DPGs)[J]. Fuel, 2023, 354: 129419. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129419
[43]	张艳辉, 陈维余, 孟科全, 等. 耐温耐盐冻胶分散体在海上油田调驱适用性研究[J]. 当代化工, 2021, 50 (12) : 2943-2947.
[44]	郑玉飞, 李翔, 徐景亮, 等. 渤海P油田层内生成CO₂调驱技术[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2020, 48 (2) : 108-112.
[45]	李军. 层内生气调驱技术在渤海油田的研究与应用[J]. 海洋石油, 2018, 38 (4) : 41-44.
[46]	田苗, 王涛, 徐国瑞, 等. 纳米分散体驱油技术在渤海Q油田的研究与应用[J]. 非常规油气, 2020, 7 (3) : 77-81.
[47]	Zhu W Y, Ma Q P, Han H Y. Theoretical study on profile control of a nano-microparticle dispersion system based on fracture-matrix dual media by a low-permeability reservoir[J]. Energy Reports, 2021, 7(9) :1488-1500. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.01.089
[48]	Pei H H, Liu Y, Shan J L, et al. Enhancement of in-situ emulsification performance through the synergistic effects of zwitterionic and nonionic-anionic surfactants to improve heavy oil recovery[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2024 (410) :125562.
[49]	Wu H R, Chang J W, Xu G R, et al. In-situ emulsification and viscosification system of surfactant-assisted Janus nanofluid and its profile control effect[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2024, 14 (2) : 135-146. doi: 10.46690/ager
[50]	贾永康, 鞠野, 刘丰钢, 等. 海上油田新型水基复合调驱体系研究与应用[J]. 中国海上油气, 2023, 35 (5) : 178-184.

类型	有机铬凝胶	酚醛树脂凝胶	耐温凝胶	乳液聚合物在线凝胶
矛盾类型	层间、层内	层内、层间、平面	层内、层间、平面	层内、层间、平面
油藏温度 / ℃	60~80	50~90	90~140	60~140
矿化度 / （mg/L）	≤30 000	≤60 000	≤60 000	≤60 000
储层渗透率 /mD	≥500	≥500	≥500	≥200
水窜程度	强水窜	中强水窜	中强水窜	中强水窜

体系	纳米球	核壳球	超分子微球	水基微球	DMG
类型	油基	油基	油基	水基	水基
制备方法	反相微乳聚合	反相微乳聚合、接枝聚合	反相乳液聚合	水包水分散聚合	自由基聚合
粒径分布/nm	40~200	200~3 000	40~3 000	50~10 000	50~3×10⁶

类型	纳米球	核壳球	超分子微球	水基微球	DMG
矛盾类型	层内为主	层内为主	层内为主	层内为主	层内/层间
油藏温度/℃	≤110	≤110	≤110	≤130	≤150
矿化度/ （mg/L）	≤200 000	≤200 000	≤200 000	≤200 000	≤200 000
渗透率/mD	500~2 000	2 000~10 000	2 000~20 000	50~2 000	50~100 000
水窜速度/ （m/d）	<10	<20	<30	<20	<30