常用表面活性剂泡沫性能的研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取了10种常用表面活性剂，比较了其水溶液的表面张力，使用DFA100动态泡沫分析仪研究了其泡沫体积、泡沫密度和泡沫稳定性等性质，并通过皮尔逊相关系数来阐明泡沫特性各个指标间的相关性。结果表明：甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠具有最优的起泡性；椰油酰谷氨酸二钠和椰油酰氨基丙酸钠的泡沫最绵密；甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠和椰油酰谷氨酸二钠的泡沫形态稳定性和泡沫密度稳定性最好，最差的为辛酰/癸酰氨丙基甜菜碱，而泡沫体积稳定性最好的是辛酰/癸酰氨丙基甜菜碱。皮尔逊相关系数分析结果表明：表面活性剂溶液的表面张力越低，产生的泡沫会越绵密；泡沫越丰富，泡沫含液量会越大；初始泡沫密度越大，泡沫体积的坍塌会越快；排液速率越大，泡沫数量的减少会越快。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 表面张力, 泡沫, 稳定性, 皮尔逊相关系数

Abstract:

In this work, 10 commonly used surfactants were selected. The surface tension of their aqueous solutions was compared, and then the properties such as foam volume, foam density and foam stability were studied by using DFA100 dynamic foam analyzer. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to clarify the correlation between those indexes of foam characteristics. The results showed that, among these 10 surfactants, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate had the best foamability. The foams of disodium cocoyl glutamate and sodium cocoyl alaninate were the densest. The foam morphology stability and foam density stability were the best for sodium methyl cocoyl taurate and disodium cocoyl glutamate, but the worst for capryl/capramidopropyl betaine. However, capryl/capramidopropyl betaine had the best foam volume stability. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that a surfactant solution with lower surface tension was more likely to produce dense foams. The liquid content of foam would be higher if the bubbles were more abundant. The foam volume for the surfactant solution with larger initial foam density was more likely to collapse. The bubble number with higher drainage rate was decreased faster.

Key words: surfactant, surface tension, foam, stability, Pearson correlation coefficient

中图分类号:

TQ423

周焱富, 王旭光, 王飞飞. 常用表面活性剂泡沫性能的研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(1): 26-33.

Yanfu Zhou, Xuguang Wang, Feifei Wang. Study on the foam properties of common surfactants[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(1): 26-33.

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参数名称	单位	定义
最大泡沫体积（V_{foam max}）	mL	发泡结束后最大泡沫体积
最终泡沫体积（V_{foam final}）	mL	测量结束时的泡沫体积
泡沫体积保留率（η_V）	%	测试结束时泡沫体积占最大泡沫体积的比率
初始泡沫密度（BC_initial）	mm^-2	开始测量时每平方毫米的气泡个数
最终泡沫密度（BC_final）	mm^-2	结束测量时每平方毫米的气泡个数
初始平均气泡面积（MBA_initial）	μm²	开始测量时的平均气泡面积
最终平均气泡面积（MBA_final）	μm²	结束测量时的平均气泡面积
初始平均气泡半径（R_{avg initial}）	μm	开始测量时的平均气泡半径
最终平均气泡半径（R_{avg final}）	μm	结束测量时的平均气泡半径
泡沫密度保留率（η_BC）	%	测试结束时气泡个数占初始气泡个数的比率
泡沫液体体积比率（MD）	%	最大泡沫时刻，泡沫中液体体积与最大泡沫体积比值
最大泡沫含液量（V_{liquid foam max}）	mL	最大泡沫时刻，泡沫层的液体含量
25%排水时间（t_{FLS 75%}）	s	泡沫含液量降低至其初始值的75%的时间
析液半衰期（t_{FLS 50%}）	s	泡沫中液体含量渗出50%所需的时间
75%排水时间（t_{FLS 25%}）	s	泡沫含液量降至其初始值的25%的时间
泡沫持久性值（HRV）	s	泡沫含液量从50%至25%排放的时间
气泡个数半衰期（t_BC1/2）	s	气泡个数减少50%所需的时间

表面活性剂	种类
甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠	阴离子表面活性剂
椰油酰谷氨酸二钠	阴离子表面活性剂
月桂醇聚醚磺基琥珀酸酯二钠	阴离子表面活性剂
月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠	阴离子表面活性剂
椰油酰氨基丙酸钠	阴离子表面活性剂
磺酸羟丙酯月桂基葡糖苷交联聚合物钠	阴离子表面活性剂
椰油酰两性基乙酸钠	两性表面活性剂
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱	两性表面活性剂
辛酰/癸酰氨丙基甜菜碱	两性表面活性剂
PEG-80失水山梨醇月桂酸酯	非离子表面活性剂

表面活性剂	0 s			300 s			600 s
表面活性剂	BC/ mm^-2	MBA_avg/ μm²	MBA_max/μm²	BC/ mm^-2	MBA_avg/ μm²	MBA_max/μm²	BC/ mm^-2	MBA_avg/ μm²	MBA_max/μm²
甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠	135	7 427	23 575	114	8 791	26 355	96	10 468	34 951
椰油酰两性基乙酸钠	129	7 755	25 050	62	16 248	68 086	41	24 426	99 746
月桂醇聚醚磺基琥珀酸酯二钠	123	8 148	33 107	58	17 112	69 959	45	22 378	78 980
月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠	120	8 397	21 135	50	19 828	90 952	32	31 386	189 053
椰油酰氨基丙酸钠	148	6 822	23 972	86	11 684	48 511	46	21 508	136 626
磺酸羟丙酯月桂基葡糖苷交联聚合物钠	120	8 374	22 383	57	17 550	98 697	40	24 922	145 307
椰油酰谷氨酸二钠	149	6 787	23 234	123	8 134	25 844	99	10 112	40 455
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱	103	9 732	47 604	37	26 670	234 415	22	44 960	337 083
辛酰/癸酰氨丙基甜菜碱	79	12 698	113 732	29	34 144	200 798	19	53 442	320 998
PEG-80失水山梨醇月桂酸酯	104	9 619	64 256	47	21 111	213 167	22	44 960	337 083

表面活性剂	V_{foam max}/ mL	V_{liquid foam max}/ mL	MD/%	t_{FLS 75%}/s	t_{FLS 50%}/s	t_{FLS 25%}/s	HRV/s	V_{foam min}/mL	η_V/%
甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠	112.17±1.59	22.23±0.21	19.83±0.46	234.30±4.80	313.50±5.15	542.60±5.15	229.10±10.30	79.91±2.45	71.24±1.37
椰油酰两性基乙酸钠	80.13±0.86	22.27±0.25	27.79±0.23	155.50±3.95	182.20±3.25	254.40±3.86	72.20±0.62	54.17±1.20	67.61±2.07
月桂醇聚醚磺基琥珀酸酯二钠	79.10±1.61	22.37±0.40	28.29±1.09	157.600±4.05	179.70±2.10	239.40±3.21	59.63±1.11	56.61±1.32	71.56±0.19
月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠	75.60±0.60	22.23±0.21	29.41±0.09	134.500±3.25	148.50±2.85	188.70±1.75	40.13±1.11	49.53±2.41	65.54±3.75
椰油酰氨基丙酸钠	63.57±0.50	22.33±0.35	35.13±0.27	148.600±3.05	169.30±7.15	234.30±3.70	64.97±10.85	35.62±1.27	56.03±1.48
磺酸羟丙酯月桂基葡糖苷交联聚合物钠	63.30±0.46	22.03±0.15	34.81±0.48	128.700±4.85	138.50±4.75	165.50±2.80	26.97±1.95	40.26±1.12	63.61±2.38
椰油酰谷氨酸二钠	59.47±1.56	22.30±0.30	37.53±1.48	151.500±5.10	174.50±4.15	240.70±3.90	66.20±8.05	37.70±2.28	63.35±2.46
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱	44.07±0.97	10.23±0.21	23.22±0.06	126.900±2.00	140.50±4.30	169.60±1.82	29.17±2.52	32.94±2.40	74.70±3.95
辛酰/癸酰氨丙基甜菜碱	27.03±0.40	2.90±0.36	10.74±1.48	139.60±4.00	149.60±4.75	161.10±4.85	11.43±0.12	22.94±1.21	84.83±3.87
PEG-80失水山梨醇月桂酸酯	23.27±0.65	4.77±0.25	20.52±1.65	127.50±2.00	132.60±1.80	145.50±2.75	12.90±0.95	15.13±0.73	65.11±4.98

表面活性剂	BC_initial/mm^-2	MBA_initial/μm²	R_{avg initial}/μm	BC_final/mm^-2	MBA_final/μm²	R_{avg final}/μm	t_{BC 1/2}/s	η_BC/%
甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠	135.30±2.80	7 391.00±151.80	47.67±0.58	92.98±2.40	10 759.00±276.90	57.00±1.00	>600	68.72±2.04
椰油酰两性基乙酸钠	128.70±2.83	7 773.00±171.20	49.33±0.58	38.89±1.78	25 747.00±1 153.00	87.00±3.00	409.60±10.20	30.23±1.41
月桂醇聚醚磺基琥珀酸酯二钠	122.90±2.64	8 139.00±174.20	50.33±0.58	47.07±2.11	21 274.00±975.20	81.00±1.73	395.60±9.99	38.31±2.04
月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠	119.80±0.96	8 349.00±66.57	51.00±1.00	31.54±1.15	31 732.00±1 172.00	97.33±4.73	347.10±11.93	26.34±1.15
椰油酰氨基丙酸钠	147.80±4.28	6 770.00±193.30	45.67±0.58	44.32±1.88	22 587.00±934.70	81.33±4.04	491.50±17.92	30.02±1.69
磺酸羟丙酯月桂基葡糖苷交联聚合物钠	119.70±1.50	8 353.00±103.60	51.00±1.00	39.99±3.81	25 160.00±2 422.00	88.33±4.51	390.40±13.98	33.38±2.78
椰油酰谷氨酸二钠	148.80±3.55	6 725.00±158.40	45.67±0.58	95.60±4.12	10 474.00±459.70	56.00±1.00	>600	64.32±4.16
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱	103.00±2.37	9 715.00±223.50	54.33±0.58	22.69±0.97	44 131.00±1 844.00	113.00±5.57	297.70±7.68	22.05±1.42
辛酰/癸酰氨丙基甜菜碱	79.00±3.43	12 671.00±547.50	61.33±1.53	19.40±0.76	51 603.00±1 994.00	123.30±6.03	303.20±8.95	24.60±1.83
PEG-80失水山梨醇月桂酸酯	104.20±3.59	9 603.00±330.30	54.00±1.00	35.26±1.36	28 386.00±1 116.00	90.67±4.04	373.50±16.09	33.89±2.42