化妆品中矿物油毒理学及其风险评估研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

矿物油是石油原油和/或煤、天然气或生物质液化后合成产品经过提炼形成的一类烃类混合物,主要分为饱和烃类矿物油（mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons, MOSH）和芳香烃类矿物油（mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons, MOAH）,是一种常用的化妆品原料,其安全风险已经得到了广泛的关注。综述了化妆品中矿物油的分类、应用情况、毒理学及风险评估情况等,为后续开展相关研究提供参考,并建议持续跟踪其他国家或地区对化妆品中矿物油的安全评估及法规制定情况,监测我国市场上使用矿物油原料的化妆品产品质量状况,必要时开展管理限值制修订工作,以确保消费者的化妆品使用安全。

关键词: 矿物油, 饱和烃类矿物油, 芳香烃类矿物油, 毒理学, 风险评估

Abstract:

Mineral oil is a kind of hydrocarbon mixture formed by refining after liquefaction of petroleum crude oil and/or coal, natural gas or biomass products, which is divided into two main types, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons （MOSH） and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons （MOAH） . Mineral oil is a common cosmetic raw material and its safety risk has been widely concerned. The classification, application, toxicology and risk assessment of mineral oils in cosmetics were briefly reviewed, so as to provide reference for the follow-up research. It was also suggested to continuously track the safety assessment and legislation formulation of mineral oil in cosmetics in other countries or regions, monitor the quality of cosmetics products using mineral oil raw materials in the market of China, and carry out the revision of management limits when necessary to ensure the safety of consumer cosmetics.

Key words: mineral oil, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons （MOSH）, mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons（MOAH）, toxicology, risk assessment

中图分类号:

TQ658

黄湘鹭,邢书霞,罗飞亚,孙磊. 化妆品中矿物油毒理学及其风险评估研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业, 2020, 50(7): 488-495.

HUANG Xiang-lu,XING Shu-xia,LUO Fei-ya,SUN Lei. Research progress on toxicology and risk assessment of mineral oil in cosmetics[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2020, 50(7): 488-495.

图/表 4

表 1

化妆品中矿物油的分类"

序号	中文名称	已使用化妆品原料名称目录（2015 年版）序号	INCI名	CAS号	描述	用途
1	液体石蜡	07661	PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM	8012-95-1/8042- 47-5	是一种高度精制的矿物油,是石油馏分通过酸化、氢化、酸化/氢化处理而形成的复杂烃类混合物,其加工过程可能包括额外的纯化处理,主要由碳数在C15~C50之间的饱和烃组成	拮抗剂、润肤剂、皮肤保护剂、溶剂
2	石蜡	06127	PARAFFIN	8002-74-2	是从石油中提取的烃类化合物的固体混合物,其特征是有较大的晶体,碳链长度在C18~C65之间	加香剂、皮肤调理剂、黏度控制
3	合成蜡	02771	SYNTHETIC WAX	8002-74-2/68527-08-2	蜡是一种烃蜡,通常通过费托合成或乙烯聚合工艺得到,主要由碳数大于20的直链烃类组成	磨料、胶黏剂、乳化稳定剂、掩蔽剂、黏度控制
4	微晶蜡	06784	MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX	63231-60-7	是一种从石油中提取的蜡,其特征是其晶体的细度与较大的石蜡晶体形成对比。主要由高分子量饱和脂肪烃组成,碳链长度在C18~C90+之间	胶黏剂、膨胀剂、乳化稳定剂、黏度控制
5	微晶蜡	06783	CERA MICROCRISTALLINA	63231-60-7/64742-42-3	微晶石蜡和微晶烃蜡,是通过溶剂结晶从残油中得到的长支链烃类混合物,主要由碳数大于C35的饱和直链和支链烃组成	胶黏剂、乳化稳定剂、乳浊剂、黏度控制
6	矿脂	04185	PETROLATUM	8009-03-8	凡士林油,从脱蜡石蜡残油中以半固体形式获得的碳氢化合物的复杂组合。主要由碳数大于C25的饱和结晶烃和液态烃组成	拮抗剂、润肤剂
7	地蜡	01909	OZOKERITE	64742-33-2	是一种用化学法中和的烃蜡（石油）,它是通过去除酸性物质的处理过程产生的复杂烃类混合物。主要由碳数在C20~C50之间的饱和直链烃组成	胶黏剂、乳化稳定剂、乳浊剂、黏度控制
8	纯地蜡	01699	CERESIN	8001-75-0	将地蜡（OZOKERITE）用硫辛酸提纯过滤而成的复杂烃类混合物	拮抗剂、胶黏剂、乳化稳定剂、发用调节剂、乳浊剂、黏度控制
9	矿油	04183	MINERAL OIL		矿物油的统称

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物质名称	LD₅₀/ （mg·kg^-1）	实验动物	观察期
C9~C13混合物（MOAH 0.5% V/V）	﹥10 000	大鼠	未报道
C9~C13混合物（MOAH 5% V/V）	﹥20 000~﹥64 000	大鼠	未报道
C9~C13混合物（MOAH 15%~17%V/V）	﹥5 000~6 000	大鼠	未报道
白色矿物油（C15~C50,高度精炼油）	﹥5 000	SD大鼠,5雌5雄	14 d
轻质石蜡馏分（C15~C30,黏度﹤19 mm²·s^-1）	﹥5 000	SD大鼠,5雌5雄	14 d
溶剂精制重石蜡（石油）馏分（C20~C50,黏度≥ 19 mm²·s^-1）	﹥5 000	SD大鼠,5雌5雄	14 d

物质名称	LD₅₀/ （mg·kg^-1）	实验动物	观察期
萘	2 200~2 400	舍曼大鼠	14 d
萘	533~710	CD-1小鼠	14 d
四氢萘	2 860	舍曼大鼠,10只雄/组	5 d
二苯并噻吩	470	CD-1小鼠	14 d
芳香馏分提取（MOAH 61% w/w,C15~C50）	﹥5 000	SD大鼠,5雌5雄	14 d

矿物油分类	ADI	运动黏度,100 ℃（mm²·s^-1）	平均分子量	5%沸点的碳原子数	纯度参考
微晶蜡	0~20 mg·kg^-1	≥11	≥ 500	≥ 25	FDA
矿油（高黏度）	0~12 mg·kg^-1	﹥11	≥ 500	≥ 28	欧洲药典
矿油（中黏度和低黏度）一级	0~12 mg·kg^-1	8.5~11	480~500	≥ 25 *	欧洲药典