高效液相色谱法同时测定牙膏中27种防腐剂

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了准确高效地检测牙膏中防腐剂的添加量，建立了牙膏中27种防腐剂含量同时检测的高效液相色谱方法。采用50%甲醇水溶液处理牙膏样品，经超声提取后，过滤，以乙腈、磷酸水溶液为流动相，在以C₁₈色谱柱为分析柱，柱温30 ℃，进样量为10 μL，流速为1 mL/min的色谱条件下，以液相色谱分离，二极管阵列检测器进行检测。分析结果表明，在该实验条件下27种防腐剂各组分分离度良好，其质量浓度在线性范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系，相关系数（R²）均大于0.999 5，该方法可用于牙膏中27种防腐剂的检测。

关键词: 牙膏, 防腐剂, 高效液相色谱法

Abstract:

A method of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was established for simultaneous determination of 27 preservatives in toothpaste. Toothpaste samples were extracted with 50% aqueous methanol solution, ultrasonicated and then filtered. The target compounds were separated on a C₁₈ column （250 mm×4.6 μm, 5 μm） with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and aqueous phosphoric acid solution, the column temperature was 30 ℃, the sample volume was 10 μL, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, and diode array detector was used. Under the optimal experimental conditions, good linear relationship was obtained and the correlation coefficient （R²） was greater than 0.999 5. This method was accurate and sensitive, which was suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 27 preservatives in toothpaste.

Key words: toothpaste, preservative, high-performance liquid chromatography

中图分类号:

TQ658

吴志珊, 王彦超, 姜成君, 龙雨晨, 殷帅, 尹伟成. 高效液相色谱法同时测定牙膏中27种防腐剂[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2024, 54(12): 1515-1523.

Zhishan Wu, Yanchao Wang, Chengjun Jiang, Yuchen Long, Shuai Yin, Weicheng Yin. Simultaneous determination of 27 preservatives in toothpaste by high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2024, 54(12): 1515-1523.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

表2

27种防腐剂的线性方程、线性范围、相关系数（R2）及检出限和定量限"

序号	化合物名称	线性方程	线性范围/（mg/L）	R²	LOD/ （μg/g）	LQD/ （μg/g）
1	甲基异噻唑啉酮	y=0.370 1x-0.002 2	0.06~30	0.999 6	0.4	1.3
2	甲基氯异噻唑啉酮	y=0.413 6x-0.004 6	0.06~30	0.999 7	0.4	1.4
3	苯氧乙醇	y=0.045 1x-0.004 5	2.0~1 000	0.999 7	7.7	25.8
4	山梨酸	y=0.958 1x-0.024 0	0.6~300	0.999 7	0.2	0.6
5	脱氢乙酸	y=0.166 5x-0.018 0	0.3~150	0.995 9	4.9	16.5
6	三氯生	y=0.157 3x-0.051 2	1.0~500	0.999 8	0.8	2.7
7	4-羟基苯甲酸	y=1.093 3x-0.410 4	0.2~100	0.999 7	0.5	1.6
8	苯甲醇	y=0.013 5x+0.018 3	3.0~1 500	0.999 6	4.2	14.0
9	4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯	y=1.081 5x+0.008 4	0.10~50	0.999 6	0.3	0.9
10	4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯	y=1.074 9x-0.044 2	0.25~125	0.999 7	0.4	1.4
11	4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯	y=1.097 2x-0.045 0	0.25~125	0.999 7	0.4	1.4
12	4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯	y=1.102 9x-0.099 3	0.25~125	0.999 7	0.2	0.6
13	4-羟基苯甲酸苯酯	y=1.260 4x-0.114 6	0.3~150	0.999 8	0.1	0.3
14	4-羟基苯甲酸异丁酯	y=1.085 1x+0.034 0	0.3~150	0.999 6	0.1	0.5
15	4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯	y=1.085 6x+0.049 0	0.3~150	0.999 5	0.5	1.7
16	4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯	y=1.125 1x+0.092 5	0.3~150	0.999 3	0.1	0.4
17	4-羟基苯甲酸戊酯	y=1.072 5x-0.011 6	0.6~300	0.999 6	0.5	1.5
18	2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1，3-二醇	y=0.051 0x-0.022 4	1.5~750	0.999 7	2.0	6.8
19	苯甲酸	y=0.843 3x+0.031 8	0.5~250	0.999 6	2.4	7.9
20	氯苯甘醚	y=0.523 7x-0.065 7	0.3~150	0.999 7	1.4	4.8
21	5-溴-5-硝基-1，3-二噁烷	y=0.052 7x-0.043 7	2.5~1 250	0.999 7	0.8	2.6
22	对氯间甲酚	y=0.451 6x-0.053 0	1.0~500	0.999 8	0.6	1.9
23	苯甲酸乙酯	y=0.907 1x-0.260 5	0.6~300	0.999 7	0.7	2.4
24	苯甲酸异丙酯	y=0.771 1x-0.211 0	0.7~350	0.999 7	1.0	3.2
25	苯甲酸丙酯	y=0.909 7x-0.165 9	0.7~350	0.999 7	1.1	3.6
26	吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐	y=0.099 3x-1.689 3	3.0~1 500	0.998 9	17.4	58.1
27	苯甲酸苯基酯	y=1.170 4x-0.153 7	0.8~400	0.999 9	1.0	3.2

表2

表3

牙膏中27种防腐剂的加标回收率及相对标准偏差（n=3）"

组分名称	添加水平/（μg/mL）	回收率1/%	回收率2/%	回收率3/%	平均回收率/%	RSD/%
甲基异噻唑啉酮	0.1	109.00	107.65	109.52	109.76	2.01
	1	116.01	117.73	117.15	116.97	0.88
	10	112.54	115.78	114.30	114.21	1.42
甲基氯异噻唑啉酮	0.1	94.17	99.96	93.45	94.91	3.66
	1.2	103.25	103.08	98.98	101.77	2.42
	12	108.21	104.21	105.47	105.96	1.93
苯氧乙醇	3.2	103.14	106.55	104.12	103.89	1.94
	32	106.15	106.33	101.06	104.52	2.99
	321	108.24	104.36	105.52	106.04	1.88
山梨酸	0.3	107.57	103.47	101.91	102.74	3.85
	3.3	102.63	102.51	97.83	100.99	2.73
	33	105.07	100.97	101.95	102.66	2.08
脱氢乙酸	0.6	103.72	106.62	100.78	103.28	2.45
	6.6	110.15	105.69	107.84	107.89	2.23
	66	95.68	92.23	93.21	93.71	1.89
三氯生	0.8	95.13	100.57	100.21	98.34	2.60
	8.2	82.41	81.34	84.13	82.63	1.40
	82	83.98	82.14	83.96	83.36	1.27
4-羟基苯甲酸	0.41	96.23	96.30	94.76	95.79	0.74
	4.1	105.56	105.58	100.93	104.02	2.68
	41	110.18	105.99	107.10	107.75	2.01
苯甲醇	6.7	108.25	104.36	116.98	107.05	7.21
	67	101.05	100.83	96.11	99.33	2.79
	668	106.51	102.51	103.49	104.17	2.00
4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯	0.3	99.26	96.01	94.89	95.92	2.56
	2.8	104.78	105.01	100.32	103.37	2.64
	28	108.58	104.61	105.85	106.35	1.91
4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯	0.4	109.51	105.39	103.63	105.56	2.61
	3.8	104.69	104.95	100.26	103.30	2.64
	38	107.79	103.75	105.03	105.52	1.95
4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯	0.3	111.63	108.42	106.99	108.59	1.95
	3	104.39	104.76	99.97	103.04	2.67
	30	107.46	103.39	104.67	105.17	1.98
4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯	0.4	115.81	115.45	113.91	114.68	0.97
	4.4	104.68	105.14	100.50	103.44	2.56
	44	106.83	102.78	104.04	104.55	1.98
4-羟基苯甲酸苯酯	0.3	111.67	116.06	116.37	114.90	1.90
	3.5	103.60	104.14	98.93	102.22	2.86
	35	106.03	101.88	103.15	103.68	2.05
4-羟基苯甲酸异丁酯	0.4	98.46	100.01	94.78	98.09	2.34
	4.4	102.14	103.50	97.96	101.20	2.89
	44	107.24	103.05	104.31	104.87	2.05
4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯	0.3	86.08	84.39	83.45	85.57	2.53
	2.6	101.81	102.92	97.46	100.73	2.89
	26	106.95	102.62	103.84	104.47	2.13
4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯	0.2	109.23	105.03	99.03	104.23	4.03
	2.4	104.04	105.15	100.51	103.24	2.42
	24	109.42	105.19	106.69	107.10	2.00
4-羟基苯甲酸戊酯	0.8	115.64	112.48	111.97	112.59	2.00
	8.2	97.90	98.72	93.52	96.71	2.80
	82	98.98	94.36	94.97	96.10	2.61
2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1，3-二醇	1.9	98.76	88.24	87.17	90.09	6.48
	19	84.87	82.41	84.11	83.80	1.26
	196	95.17	89.68	90.25	91.70	3.29
苯甲酸	1	99.28	94.23	92.76	94.76	3.26
	10	103.19	102.98	98.32	101.50	2.76
	105	106.93	102.83	103.81	104.53	2.05
氯苯甘醚	0.6	117.73	114.52	114.01	114.83	1.77
	6.2	105.43	105.81	101.12	104.12	2.60
	62	107.63	103.68	104.95	105.42	1.91
5-溴-5-硝基-1，3-二噁烷	4.5	109.97	105.41	103.16	105.02	3.49
	45.5	102.83	102.81	98.94	101.53	2.24
	455	105.72	101.66	102.80	103.39	2.03
对氯间甲酚	0.5	114.53	108.45	107.98	109.55	3.06
	5.3	98.11	97.83	93.49	96.48	2.59
	53	101.93	97.78	98.91	99.54	2.15
苯甲酸乙酯	1.3	116.04	114.96	113.14	114.01	1.62
	13.8	93.96	92.61	87.18	91.25	3.59
	138	99.75	97.40	96.95	98.03	1.53
苯甲酸异丙酯	1.3	113.55	109.52	107.02	108.71	3.46
	13	94.10	92.85	88.02	91.66	3.21
	132	100.69	95.61	95.59	97.30	3.02
苯甲酸丙酯	1	107.86	105.07	102.73	104.12	2.93
	10	93.52	92.82	87.62	91.32	3.22
	108	99.42	94.78	95.18	96.46	2.66
吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐	4.7	89.01	81.64	85.42	85.30	4.32
	47	91.50	83.04	88.42	87.60	4.90
	476	105.75	101.31	103.92	103.66	2.15
苯甲酸苯基酯	1.3	100.55	98.29	96.28	97.64	2.34
	13	89.70	91.13	86.35	89.06	2.45
	131	98.33	95.01	96.30	96.55	1.73

表3

表4

27种防腐剂在48 h的稳定性结果"

组分名称	测得质量浓度/（μg/mL）						平均值/（μg/mL）	RSD/%
组分名称	0 h	4 h	8 h	12 h	24 h	48 h	平均值/（μg/mL）	RSD/%
甲基异噻唑啉酮	4.73	4.66	4.89	4.64	4.89	4.96	4.80	2.82
甲基氯异噻唑啉酮	6.08	6.02	6.19	6.01	6.16	6.25	6.12	1.62
苯氧乙醇	158.65	156.12	161.39	156.95	160.97	163.26	159.57	1.74
山梨酸	16.35	16.15	16.55	16.14	16.51	16.76	16.41	1.48
脱氢乙酸	34.96	34.07	34.67	33.52	33.98	34.27	34.24	1.50
三氯生	39.73	39.15	40.17	39.15	40.04	40.62	39.81	1.47
4-羟基苯甲酸	19.94	19.60	20.07	19.59	20.10	20.44	19.96	1.63
苯甲醇	329.93	325.28	333.80	325.38	333.09	338.06	330.92	1.53
4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯	14.05	13.85	14.20	13.84	14.17	14.39	14.08	1.53
4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯	18.91	18.65	19.12	18.63	19.08	19.37	18.96	1.52
4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯	15.09	14.88	15.25	14.88	15.22	15.45	15.13	1.48
4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯	21.61	21.31	21.84	21.30	21.80	22.14	21.67	1.51
4-羟基苯甲酸苯酯	17.11	16.89	17.31	16.87	17.27	17.52	17.16	1.49
4-羟基苯甲酸异丁酯	21.90	21.59	22.13	21.58	22.10	22.43	21.95	1.52
4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯	13.07	12.89	13.20	12.87	13.19	13.39	13.10	1.52
4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯	12.11	11.94	12.23	11.92	12.23	12.40	12.14	1.54
4-羟基苯甲酸戊酯	40.36	39.80	40.80	39.80	40.72	41.34	40.47	1.50
2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1，3-二醇	95.42	94.42	96.77	94.09	96.51	98.09	95.88	1.59
苯甲酸	51.96	51.29	52.53	51.18	52.40	53.20	52.09	1.48
氯苯甘醚	30.48	30.10	30.78	30.03	30.73	31.21	30.56	1.46
5-溴-5-硝基-1，3-二噁烷	222.95	219.83	225.50	219.63	224.86	228.01	223.46	1.48
对氯间甲酚	26.16	25.77	26.44	25.77	26.38	26.78	26.22	1.51
苯甲酸乙酯	67.46	66.52	68.25	66.49	68.10	69.10	67.65	1.52
苯甲酸异丙酯	64.57	63.73	65.36	63.71	65.21	66.22	64.80	1.53
苯甲酸丙酯	53.02	52.19	53.54	52.19	53.39	54.18	53.08	1.49
吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐	214.24	221.34	214.93	207.57	210.90	212.53	213.59	2.16
苯甲酸苯基酯	65.44	64.56	66.19	64.53	66.04	67.00	65.63	1.49
甲基异噻唑啉酮	4.73	4.66	4.89	4.64	4.89	4.96	4.80	2.82

表4

表5

参考文献 17

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序号	化合物名称	质量浓度/（μg/mL）
1	甲基异噻唑啉酮	0.1	0.19	0.96	4.82	9.63	19.27
2	甲基氯异噻唑啉酮	0.12	0.25	1.24	6.22	12.45	24.89
3	苯氧乙醇	3.22	6.44	32.19	160.95	321.89	643.78
4	山梨酸	0.33	0.67	3.34	16.68	33.36	66.73
5	脱氢乙酸	0.66	1.32	6.58	32.91	65.81	131.63
6	三氯生	0.82	1.63	8.17	40.85	81.7	163.4
7	4-羟基苯甲酸	0.41	0.82	4.08	20.42	40.84	81.68
8	苯甲醇	6.68	13.37	66.85	334.24	668.49	1 336.98
9	4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯	0.29	0.57	2.86	14.31	28.62	57.24
10	4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯	0.39	0.77	3.86	19.31	38.63	77.25
11	4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯	0.31	0.62	3.08	15.42	30.84	61.69
12	4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯	0.44	0.88	4.42	22.11	44.23	88.46
13	4-羟基苯甲酸苯酯	0.35	0.7	3.51	17.53	35.06	70.12
14	4-羟基苯甲酸异丁酯	0.45	0.89	4.46	22.28	44.56	89.13
15	4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯	0.27	0.53	2.66	13.28	26.56	53.11
16	4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯	0.25	0.49	2.45	12.25	24.5	49.01
17	4-羟基苯甲酸戊酯	0.82	1.65	8.23	41.13	82.25	164.5
18	2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1，3-二醇	1.96	3.93	19.63	98.13	196.25	392.51
19	苯甲酸	1.05	2.11	10.54	52.7	105.39	210.79
20	氯苯甘醚	0.62	1.25	6.23	31.16	62.32	124.64
21	5-溴-5-硝基-1，3-二噁烷	4.56	9.11	45.56	227.81	455.62	911.24
22	对氯间甲酚	0.54	1.07	5.36	26.78	53.56	107.11
23	苯甲酸乙酯	1.38	2.76	13.82	69.1	138.2	276.4
24	苯甲酸异丙酯	1.32	2.64	13.22	66.1	132.2	264.4
25	苯甲酸丙酯	1.08	2.17	10.83	54.15	108.3	216.61
26	吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐	4.77	9.53	47.66	238.28	476.56	953.11
27	苯甲酸苯基酯	1.31	2.62	13.11	65.57	131.15	262.3

样品编号	含量/%
样品编号	脱氢乙酸	4-羟基苯甲酸	苯甲醇	4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯	4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯	4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯	苯甲酸	对氯间甲酚
1	n.a.	n.a.	n.a	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	0.26	n.a.
2	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	0.043	0.009 0
3	n.a.	n.a.	0.031	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
4	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
5	n.a.	0.013	n.a.	0.041	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
6	0.011	n.a.	0.049	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	0.018
7	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	0.17	0.001 9
8	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
9	n.a.	0.002 0	0.002 3	0.10	0.015	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
10	0.12	0.089	0.024	0.078	n.a.	n.a.	0.17	0.27