二氧化碳在水中的相转化及其优异的抗炎生理活性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含有碳酸（H₂CO₃）的护肤品在全球范围内受到广泛关注。然而，二氧化碳（CO₂）转化为H₂CO₃的过程并不稳定，H₂CO₃护肤的作用机理也尚未得到明确证实。本文对CO₂在不同温度、pH值和压力条件下的水合-溶解行为进行了研究。此外，基于CO₂水合转化现象，研究了CO₂水合物对巨噬细胞（RAW 264.7）的炎症效应。结果表明，温度升高会减弱CO₂的水合作用，而pH值和压力的升高都会促进CO₂水相转化。当pH值小于6时，CO₂与水反应生成H₂CO₃。当pH值在6~7之间时，提示溶液是H₂CO₃和HCO₃^-的混合物。当pH值在7~9之间时，它们主要生成HCO₃^-。当pH值大于9时，CO₂的溶解度主要转化为CO₃^2-。此外，CO₂还能通过抑制p38蛋白的磷酸化来抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子。CO₂水合物抑制了促炎因子IL-6、TNF-α的表达，并上调了抗炎因子IL-10的表达。此外，CO₂水合的抗炎分子机制是通过抑制p38的磷酸化来抑制MAPK信号通路。研究了CO₂的水合溶解行为，这项研究揭示了CO₂水合物的抗炎生物效应，为CO₂护肤品提供了理论依据和应用支持。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 水合作用, 抗炎作用, 皮肤护理

Abstract:

Skin care products with carbonic acid （H₂CO₃） have gained extensive attention worldwide. However, the conversion of CO₂ to H₂CO₃ is not stable, and the mechanism of the effect of H₂CO₃ on skin care has not been clearly proved. The hydration-dissolution behaviors of CO₂ were investigated under different temperature, pH, and pressure conditions. Moreover, based on the phenomenon of CO₂ hydration transformation, the inflammatory effect of CO₂ hydrate on macrophages （RAW 264.7） was investigated. The result shows that the increase in temperature weakened the hydration of CO₂, and the increase in pH and pressure both promoted the water-phase transformation of CO₂. When pH<6, CO₂ reacts with water to generate H₂CO₃. When pH was between 6-7, the prompt solution was a mixture of H₂CO₃ and HCO₃^-. When the pH was between 7-9, they mainly generated HCO₃^-. And when pH>9, CO₂ solubility mainly converts to CO₃^2-. Besides, CO₂ can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors by RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the p38 protein. CO₂ hydrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, and up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of CO₂ hydration inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38. The hydration-dissolution behavior of CO₂ was investigated. This work revealed the anti-inflammatory bioeffect of CO₂ hydrate, providing a theoretical basis and application support for CO₂ skin care products.

Key words: CO₂, hydration transformation, anti-inflammatory effect, skin care

中图分类号:

TQ658

张婉萍, 顾宜婷, 李旭艳, 孙志勇, 魏春红, 张冬梅. 二氧化碳在水中的相转化及其优异的抗炎生理活性[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2024, 54(11): 1289-1297.

Wanping Zhang, Yiting Gu, Xuyan Li, Zhiyong Sun, Chunhong Wei, Dongmei Zhang. Hydration transformation behaviors of CO₂ and excellent anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cell[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2024, 54(11): 1289-1297.

图/表 5

参考文献 30

[1]	Kern D M. The hydration of carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Chemical Education, 1960, 37 (1) : 14.
[2]	Wang X G, Conway W, Burns R, et al. Comprehensive study of the hydration and dehydration reactions of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2010, 114 (4) : 1734-1740.
[3]	Yuki K, Kawano S, Mori S, et al. Facial application of high-concentration carbon dioxide prevents epidermal impairment associated with environmental changes[J]. Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2019, 12: 63-69. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S183764 pmid: 30666144
[4]	Sayama K, Yuki K, Sugata K, et al. Carbon dioxide inhibits UVB-induced inflammatory response by activating the proton-sensing receptor, GPR65, in human keratinocytes[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11 (1) : 379.
[5]	Laffey J G, Honan D, Hopkins N, et al. Hypercapnic acidosis attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury[J]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2004, 169 (1) : 46-56. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200205-394OC pmid: 12958048
[6]	Medzhitov R. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation[J]. Nature, 2008, 454 (7203) : 428-435.
[7]	Sarkar D, Fisher P B. Molecular mechanisms of aging-associated inflammation[J]. Cancer Letters, 2006, 236 (1) : 13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.04.009 pmid: 15978720
[8]	Voet D, Voet J G, Pratt C W. Fundamentals of biochemistry: Life at the molecular level[M]. John Wiley & Sons, 2016, 36 (4) : 319-320.
[9]	Botta M, Distrutti E, Mencarelli A, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of a new class of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors that release nitric oxide[J]. ChemMedChem: Chemistry Enabling Drug Discovery, 2008, 3 (10) : 1580-1588.
[10]	Kim S, Hong M, Kim T, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) and racomitrium moss (racomitrium canescens (hedw.) brid.) growing in korea[J]. Plants, 2021, 10 (10) : 2075.
[11]	Arfin N, Bohidar H B. Concentration selective hydration and phase states of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) in aqueous solutions[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2012, 50 (3) : 759-767. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.11.028 pmid: 22155401
[12]	Ratz-Łyko A, Arct J, Pytkowska K. Moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties of cosmetic formulations containing centella asiatica extract[J]. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016, 78 (1) : 27.
[13]	Soli A L, Byrne R H. CO₂ system hydration and dehydration kinetics and the equilibrium CO₂/H₂CO₃ ratio in aqueous nacl solution[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2002, 78 (2-3) : 65-73.
[14]	Voet D, Voet J G, Pratt C W. Fundamentals of biochemistry: Life at the molecular level[J]. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level, 2016: 480-484.
[15]	Meike B, Schwanitz H J. Protective effects of topically applied CO₂-impregnated water[J]. Skin Research and Technology, 1998, 4 (1) : 28-33.
[16]	Fukagawa S, Takahashi A, Sayama K, et al. Carbon dioxide ameliorates reduced desquamation in dry scaly skin via protease activation[J]. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2020, 42 (6) : 564-572.
[17]	Bai Xin, Chen Yutong, Shang Yazhuo. Efficacy evaluation of carbonated skin care products[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2021, 51 (8) : 734-740.
[18]	Buss E. Gravimetric measurement of binary gas adsorption equilibria of methane-carbon dioxide mixtures on activated carbon[J]. Gas Separation & Purification, 1995, 9 (3) : 189-197.
[19]	Peng C, Crawshaw J P, Maitland G C, et al. The pH of CO₂-saturated water at temperatures between 308 K and 423 K at pressures up to 15 MPa[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013, 82: 129-137.
[20]	Lei Zhigang, Dai Chengna, Chen Biaohua. Gas solubility in ionic liquids[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114 (2) : 1289-1326. doi: 10.1021/cr300497a pmid: 24195614
[21]	Wang X G, Conway W, Burns R, et al. Comprehensive study of the hydration and dehydration reactions of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2010, 114 (4) : 1734-1740.
[22]	Liu Shuqin, Hou Xiaoye, Chen Lina, et al. Enhancing amplification of late-outgrowth endothelial cells by bilobalide[J]. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2018, 22 (7) : 3340-3352. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13609 pmid: 29566307
[23]	Li L, Song A, Yin J, et al. Anti-inflammation activity of exopolysaccharides produced by a medicinal fungus cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 in cell and animal models[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 149: 1042-1050.
[24]	Lou Ting, Jiang Wenjiao, Xu Danhua, et al. Inhibitory effects of polydatin on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells[J]. Inflammation, 2015, 38: 1213-1220. doi: 10.1007/s10753-014-0087-8 pmid: 25567371
[25]	Cummins E P, Oliver K M, Lenihan C R, et al. Nf-κB links CO₂ sensing to innate immunity and inflammation in mammalian cells[J]. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185 (7) : 4439-4445.
[26]	Harifi-Mood A R. Solubility of carbon dioxide in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol: Lfer analysis[J]. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2020, 141: 105968.
[27]	Li Zhengyao. Chemical processing of minerals[M]. Metallurgical Industry Press, 2015: 67-70.
[28]	Blombach B, Takors R. CO₂-intrinsic product, essential substrate, and regulatory trigger of microbial and mammalian production processes[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2015, 3: 108. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00108 pmid: 26284242
[29]	Wang H B, Zeuschner J, Eremets M, et al. Stable solid and aqueous H₂CO₃from CO₂ and H₂O at high pressure and high temperature[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6 (1) : 19902.
[30]	Lang C J, Dong P, Hosszu E K, et al. Effect of CO₂ on LPS-induced cytokine responses in rat alveolar macrophages[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2005, 289 (1) : 96-103.