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2016年, 第46卷, 第8期　刊出日期：2016-08-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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多季铵盐与鲑鱼精DNA的相互作用研究 Study on the interaction of multi-quaternary ammonium salt with salmon sperm DNA 李亚萍,赖璐,钟洲,梅平,陈武,刘义 2016 (8):  427-432.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.001 摘要 ( 277 )   PDF(2838KB) ( 300 )   采用紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色谱以及分子模拟等方法,研究了多季铵盐与鲑鱼精DNA的相互作用。结果表明,多季铵盐与鲑鱼精DNA可发生较强烈的静电结合,结合比为5.5∶1;鲑鱼精DNA的存在促进了多季铵盐聚集体的形成;多季铵盐的碳链长度越短,与鲑鱼精DNA相互作用越强;多季铵盐可导致鲑鱼精DNA的构象发生改变;分子模拟的结果表明,多季铵盐嵌插在鲑鱼精DNA的小沟中,形成了较稳定的复合物。 The interaction between the multi-quaternary ammonium salt (MQAS) and salmon sperm DNA was investigated using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular simulation.The results showed that MQAS binds to salmon sperm DNA by static electricity,and the binding ratio is 5.5∶1.The presence of salmon sperm DNA promotes the formation of MQAS aggregates.With decreasing chain length,the interaction between MQAS and salmon sperm DNA is stronger.In addition,MQAS causes the conformational change of salmon sperm DNA.The results of molecular simulation suggested that MQAS inserts into the minor groove of salmon sperm DNA,and forms stable compound with DNA. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅷ) ——含氟织物整理剂的发展及建议 Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (Ⅷ) Progress in field of fluorinated fabric finishing agents and advice for its further development 邢航,周洪涛,肖进新 2016 (8):  433-440.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.002 摘要 ( 276 )   PDF(846KB) ( 483 )   介绍了含氟织物整理剂的国内外发展历程、我国的产业与市场现状等;从几个方面阐述了长碳氟链产品(主要是C8)的替代品,从环保及成本角度考虑复配型含氟织物整理剂具有很大的发展空间;同时提出了发展含氟织物整理剂的建议。 History and status of industrial production and commercial marketing of fluorinated fabric finishing agents in China domestic field and worldwide as well as development of substitutes for long carbon chain (mainly C8) fluorinated compounds were described.In view of environmental protection and cost consideration,the blend type fluorinated fabric finishing agents would have big space for potential development.Suggestions for further exploration in this field were put forward. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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双尾及多尾氟表面活性剂在有机溶剂中的表面活性研究 Surface activities of double-tailed and multi-tailed fluorinated surfactants in organic solvents 陈现涛,邢航,伍毅,肖进新 2016 (8):  441-446.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.003 摘要 ( 262 )   PDF(811KB) ( 435 )   拟通过增加油溶性氟表面活性剂分子中碳氟链的数目,从而增大有机溶剂表面吸附层的碳氟链密度,以提高其降低有机溶剂表面张力的能力。合成了2个系列的氟表面活性剂:将全氟辛基磺酰氟与二胺(NH2(CH2)nNH2,n=2,3,6,10)反应,合成以磺酰胺键为连接基、分子中含有2个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂;通过全氟辛酸与多元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇)反应,合成以酯键为连接基、分子中分别含有2,3和4个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂。研究了这2个系列氟表面活性剂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮以及乙醇-乙酸乙酯-丁酮三元混合溶剂中的表面活性,考察了氟表面活性剂分子结构、溶剂种类对表面活性的影响。结果显示,单纯增加碳氟链数目与降低表面张力之间不具有必然的依赖关系,分子整体构型也很重要,同时有机溶剂的种类对氟表面活性剂溶液的表面张力有显著影响。 This work attempts to reduce the surface tension of organic solvents with oil-soluble fluorinated surfactants.Number of fluorocarbon chains in the surfactant molecule is increased thus to enhance density of the fluorocarbon chains adsorbed on surface layer of the organic solvents.Two series of fluorinated surfactants were synthesized:through the reaction of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride with diamine (NH2(CH2)nNH2,n=2,3,6,10),the oil-soluble fluorinated surfactants,containing sulfonyl amido group as the spacer,with two fluorocarbon chains in one surfactant molecule were obtained;through the reaction of perfluorooctanoic acid with polyhydric alcohols (glycol,1,2-propanediol,glycerol and pentaerythrite),the oil-soluble fluorinated surfactants,containing ester group as the spacer with two,three and four fluorocarbon chains in one surfactant molecule were obtained respectively.The surface activity of the two series of fluorinated surfactants in ethanol,ethyl acetate,butanone and the ternary mixed solvent of ethanol,ethyl acetate and butanone were studied.The effects of molecular structure of surfactants and the type of organic solvent on their surface activity were observed.The results showed that there was no simple inevitability between surface tension reduction and the number of fluorocarbon tails.The configuration of the whole molecule was also important,and the type of these polar organic solvents could have significant influences on the surface tension of such surfactant solution. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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酯基三甲氧基有机硅季铵盐的性能研究 Study on the properties of ester trimethoxy organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt 陈瑞兰,郑成,毛桃嫣,陈鹏,黎敏珊,林璟 2016 (8):  447-449.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.004 摘要 ( 299 )   PDF(1214KB) ( 317 )   研究了酯基三甲氧基有机硅季铵盐(ETOQAS)的表面活性、润湿铺展性和生物降解性。结果表明:25 ℃时采用表面张力法测得ETOQAS的cmc＝0.01 g/L,γcmc=15.72 mN/m;随着体系中NaCl浓度的增加,通过稳态荧光法测得的ETOQAS水溶液的cmc呈减小的趋势;随着ETOQAS水溶液质量浓度的增加,其在铁块和石蜡上的接触角逐渐减小;ETOQAS能够在3 d内降解完全。 The surface properties and biodegradation characteristics of the ester trimethoxy organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt (ETOQAS) were measured.The results showed that at 25 ℃,the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of ETOQAS measured by surface tension method is 0.01 g/L,and γcmc is 15.72 mN/m.Meanwhile,NaCl was added into ETOQAS aqueous solution,and its cmc,measured by steady-state fluorescence method shows decreasing.As the mass concentration of ETOQAS increases,the contact angle on surface of iron and paraffin wax decreases.ETOQAS can be completely biodegraded within 3 d. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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水力空化作用强化椰油酰化大豆粕蛋白工艺的研究 Hydraulic cavitation enhancement of coconut fatty-acylation of soybean meal protein 程海涛,申献双 2016 (8):  450-453.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.005 摘要 ( 292 )   PDF(1987KB) ( 274 )   以大豆粕为研究对象,通过水力空化作用强化椰油酰氯酰化大豆粕蛋白工艺。在自行设计的水力空化强化反应设备上,研究了水力空化的压力、时间、温度和料液比(水溶性大豆粕蛋白溶液与椰油酰氯的体积比)等因素对酰化产率的影响,以单因素试验为基础,利用响应面法优化了工艺条件,并对酰化产物的表面性能进行了测定。结果表明水力空化作用强化椰油酰化大豆粕蛋白的较优工艺条件为:压力0.29 MPa、时间49 min、温度52 ℃、液料比1.8。在此条件下,酰化产率达到98.1%,酰化产物表面性能良好。 Hydraulic cavitation was used to strengthen reaction of modified soybean meal protein by coconut fatty acyl chloride.Factors that affecting the yield of the product such as pressure,time,temperature and material to liquid ratio (volume ratio of water soluble soybean meal solution to coconut fatty acyl chloride),were studied with a set of self-designed hydraulic cavitation equipment.Based on single factor experiments,the optimum conditions were obtained using response surface methodology and surface properties of acylated product were determined.The results showed that the optimal technological conditions for reaction of modified soybean meal protein by coconut fatty acyl chloride with hydraulic cavitation are as follows:pressure,0.29 MPa;time,49 min;temperature,52 ℃;material to liquid ratio,1.8.The product yield achieves 98.1%.The surface performance of the product is fine. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠与异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚复配体系泡沫性能 Foaming performance of blend system of sodium fatty alcohol ether carboxylate and iso-fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether 刘晓英,台秀梅,杜志平,毛雪彬,赵慧贤 2016 (8):  454-457.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.006 摘要 ( 295 )   PDF(833KB) ( 355 )   利用Ross-Miles泡沫仪对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(C12~14E9C)与异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(IC10EO8)复配体系的泡沫性能进行了研究。结果表明,复配体系具有良好的发泡力,当C12~14E9C与IC10EO8的质量比为6∶4,复配体系质量浓度为2 g/L时,体系的能量最低,发泡力最强,且随质量浓度继续增加,泡沫稳定性明显变差;复配体系具有强的抗硬水能力,在水硬度为400 mg/kg以下时,体系的发泡力和泡沫稳定性不随水硬度变化;盐的加入对体系的发泡力基本没有影响,但氯化钠和柠檬酸三钠的加入质量分数为0.5%时就会大大降低体系的泡沫稳定性;温度升高,体系的发泡力增加,泡沫稳定性降低;pH增大,体系的发泡力呈增加趋势,pH＞5时发泡力基本保持不变,pH=3~9时体系的泡沫稳定性变化不大。 Foaming performance of the blend system of sodium fatty alcohol ether carboxylate (C12~14E9C) and iso-fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (IC10EO8) were measured by Ross-Miles method.The results showed that the blend system exhibits high foaming power,and the surface energy of the system is the lowest when the mass ratio of C12~14E9C to IC10EO8 is 6∶4 and the mass concentration is 2 g/L.As the mass concentration is further increasing,the foam stability of the blend system becomes declining obviously.The blend system exhibits strong resistance to hard water.Its foaming power and foam stability do not change when the water hardness is less than 400 mg/kg.Addition of salt shows no impact on the foaming power of the blend system,but 0.5% sodium chloride and trisodium citrate can reduce its foam stability.Foaming power of the blend system increases with the temperature increasing,while the foam stability declines.Foaming power of the blend system increases with pH increasing.When pH of the system is higher than 5,its foaming power remains basically unchanged;and when pH is within 3-9,no significant change exhibits on its foam stability. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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壳聚糖黏均分子量对其作表面施胶剂应用效果的影响 Effect of viscosity-average molecular weight of chitosan on its application as surface sizing agent 王志杰,李宇洁,王建 2016 (8):  458-461.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.007 摘要 ( 233 )   PDF(1592KB) ( 359 )   利用过氧化氢对壳聚糖进行氧化降解,获得了一系列不同黏均分子量的壳聚糖。用不同黏均分子量的壳聚糖对纸张表面进行施胶,研究施胶对纸张性能的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖黏均分子量的降低不利于其表面施胶效果,并通过扫描电镜图进行了证实;在相同条件下,相比于单独使用氧化淀粉,少量壳聚糖与氧化淀粉共混作用于纸张表面,对纸张表面强度增强效果更佳。 A series of chitosan of different viscosity-average molecular weight were prepared by oxidation of chitosan with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent.The chitosan of different viscosity-average molecular weight was applied as paper surface sizing agent,and the effect to the surface properties of the paper was studied.Results showed that the reducing of chitosan viscosity-average molecular weight is not beneficial to its surface sizing effect.Such result was confirmed by SEM.Under same conditions,as comparing with using oxidized starch alone,the mixture with a small amount of chitosan and oxidized starch can improves the surface strength of paper obviously. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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季铵盐型改性淀粉辅助蒸汽相法合成多级孔EU-1沸石及其催化性能 Synthesis of hierarchical EU-1 zeolite using quaternary ammonium salt modified starch assisted vapor phase method and its catalytic performance 刘晓臻,李晓峰,高萌,高李霞,刘永梅,窦涛 2016 (8):  462-466.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.008 摘要 ( 260 )   PDF(1974KB) ( 356 )   以季铵盐型改性淀粉为介孔模板,采用蒸汽相法成功合成多级孔EU-1沸石。通过XRD,FT-IR,SEM,N2吸附-脱附和NH3-TPD等手段对合成样品的物化性质进行表征。研究表明:通过调节季铵盐型改性淀粉的量,样品的介孔孔容增加了0.081 cm3/g,外表面积增加了23.35 cm2/g。通过二甲苯异构化测试来考察样品的催化性能,发现:对二甲苯(PX)平衡浓度提高了0.88个百分点,乙苯的转化率提高了8.47个百分点,C8烃收率提高了1.66个百分点。 Using quaternary ammonium salt modified starch as mesoporous template,hierarchical EU-1 zeolite was synthesized by vapor phase method.The physicochemical properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM,N2 adsorption-desorption and NH3-TPD.The results showed that by regulating the dosage of quaternary ammonium salt modified starch,the mesoporous pore volume of the sample is increased by 0.081 cm3/g and the apparent surface area of the sample is increased by 23.35 cm2/g.The catalytic performance of the samples is examined by xylene isomerization test.The results showed that the equilibrium concentration of PX is increased by 0.88 percent points,the ethylbenzene conversion is increased by 8.47 percent points and the yield of C8 hydrocarbons is increased by 1.66 percent points. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种转葡萄糖苷酶基因的克隆表达及其生物催化合成α-熊果苷 Cloning and expression characterization of transglucosidase gene for biological catalytic synthesis of α-arbutin 王益栋,魏盼盼,邵梦格,张朝晖,陈小龙 2016 (8):  467-472.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.009 摘要 ( 259 )   PDF(3078KB) ( 302 )   通过一步法克隆试剂盒将来自野油菜黄单胞菌的转葡萄糖苷酶基因与表达载体pET28a同源重组,构建质粒pET28a-agl,并转化到不同感受态细胞中,筛选出高效表达转葡萄糖苷酶的基因工程菌E.coli BL21 Gold (DE3) plysS pET28a-agl,以催化合成α-熊果苷。利用IMAC亲和层析,获得转葡萄糖苷酶用于其酶学性质的研究。催化合成α-熊果苷的较佳反应条件为:转葡萄糖苷酶的质量浓度0.272 5 g/L,对苯二酚质量浓度11 g/L,麦芽糖浓度1.1 mol/L,磷酸盐缓冲液浓度100 mmol/L (pH=6.5),30 ℃下摇床反应3 h。研究发现,反应产物α-熊果苷对转葡萄糖苷酶反应有轻微的抑制作用;1 mmol/L K+对转葡萄糖苷酶的相对酶活有提高作用,1 mmol/L Cu2+几乎能完全抑制该酶活性。 The transglucosidase gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris was ligated with expression vector pET28a to construct plasmids pET28a-agl by using One Step Cloning Kit,transformed into different competent cells and screened out the resulting recombinants E.coli BL21 Gold (DE3) plysS pET28a-agl that successfully expresses the transglucosidase and its apparent high enzymatic activity for catalyzing enzymatic synthesis of α-arbutin.Enzymatic properties of the transglucosidase obtained were studied with IMAC affinity chromatograph.The suitable conditions for synthesis of α-arbutin are as follows:mass concentration of the transglucosidase,0.272 5 g/L;mass concentration of hydroquinone,11 g/L;concentration of maltose,1.1 mol/L;concentration of phosphate buffer solution,100 mmol/L (pH=6.5);shaking for 3 h at 30 ℃.It was discovered that the reaction product α-arbutin shows slight inhibition effect on the action of the transglucosidase.K+ ion of 1 mmol/L enhances the enzyme activity while Cu2+ of 1 mmol/L almostly inhibits the activity of the transglucosidase completely. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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有害结局通路指南及毒性测试应用分析 Adverse Outcome Pathways Guide and toxicity test applications 瞿小婷,程树军,秦瑶,柯逸晖 2016 (8):  473-478.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.010 摘要 ( 472 )   PDF(1096KB) ( 430 )   综述了在21世纪毒性测试愿景与策略倡议下,以及现代科技发展和法规监管体系变革的背景下,有害结局通路(AOP)的提出和发展。重点介绍了AOP的概念和指南,AOP的基本组成、构建条件和信息共享,AOP的网络和评估;讨论了AOP在皮肤致敏和鱼类早期发育2个毒性终点的开发和应用情况,及其作为自上而下和从中间开始的2种AOP开发策略的实例;最后提出了AOP以现代科技发展为动力、毒性预测现代化为基础、推动法规监管模式变革为目标的发展策略。AOP指南也为替代动物测试方法的开发和检测技术创新提供了难得的机遇。 The arising and development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) under the advocation of toxicity test vision and strategy in the 21st century as well as the pressure of regulation system changes and development of modern science and technology were reviewed.The concept and guide of AOP;the basic composition,structural conditions and information sharing of AOP as well as network and assessment of AOP were emphatically introduced.The development and application situation in two toxicity endpoints,the skin sensitization test and fish early-growth stage test were discussed as the practice instances of different AOP development strategy that is top-down approach and middle-out approach.Finally,it was concluded that the AOP relies on the development of modern science and technology as the driving force,toxicity prediction modernization as the basis,regulation mode change as the target.AOP guideline also provides an opportunity for the development of alternatives to animal testing method and testing technology innovation. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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化妆品中动物源性成分多重实时荧光PCR检测方法的研究 Study of multiplex real-time fluorescent PCR detection method for animal originated components in cosmetics 刘艳艳,霍胜楠,梁水美,卞如如,张卉,步迅 2016 (8):  479-484.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.011 摘要 ( 265 )   PDF(1650KB) ( 343 )   使用优化的Chelex-100结合玻璃奶法提取膏状、液态和固态化妆品中的动物源性DNA;根据驴、马和牛线粒体16S rRNA基因序列设计通用引物和特异性探针,建立了一次性检测化妆品中驴、马和牛3种动物源性成分的多重实时荧光PCR体系,检出限均为0.001 ng。并对市售的面霜、洗面奶和面膜进行盲样检测,验证了体系的可靠性和准确性。 DNA of animal originated components in paste,liquid and solid form cosmetic products were sampled using improved Chelex-100 combined with Glass Milk method.According to the donkey,horse and cattle mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences,the universal primers and specific probes were designed.Then a multiplex real-time fluorescent PCR assay system to detect the species of animal originated (donkey,horse and cattle) components in cosmetic products was established.All the detection limit of all cosmetics achieves 0.001 ng.Samples from marketed cosmetics such as creams,lotions and facial masks were detected by this way.The reliability and accuracy of this multiplex real-time fluorescent PCR assay were confirmed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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金橙-2分光光度法测定饱和盐溶液中十八胺盐酸盐的含量 Determination of octadecylamine hydrochloride in saturated salt solution using orange Ⅱ spectrophotometric method 梁慧斌,杜志平,李恩泽,段平梅,程芳琴 2016 (8):  485-488.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.08.012 摘要 ( 357 )   PDF(752KB) ( 400 )   利用金橙-2分光光度法研究了饱和KCl溶液中十八胺盐酸盐浓度的测定方法,考察了缓冲溶液用量、显色剂用量和稳定时间等因素对测定的影响,确定了测定的优化条件。结果表明,十八胺盐酸盐-金橙-2络合物的最大吸收波长为485 nm,标准曲线线性良好,回归方程为y=0.063 7x-0.068 9,相关系数R2=0.991 3,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.53%。该法重现性好,准确性较高且操作简便,可应用于KCl浮选的饱和KCl溶液中十八胺盐酸盐的测定。 Determination of content of octadecylamine hydrochloride in KCl saturated solution with orange Ⅱ spectrophotometric method was studied.Factors that affecting the test results such as the amount of buffer solution and indicator,and the time for stabilizing the chromogenic reaction were investigated;and the optimized experimental conditions were identified.Results indicated that the maximum absorption wavelength of the complex formed by octadecylamine hydrochloride and orange Ⅱ is 485 nm that showing good linearity with regression equation of y=0.063 7x-0.068 9.The correlation coefficient is 0.991 3.The relative standard deviation of quantitative analysis method is 1.53%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标