当期目录

2018年, 第48卷, 第12期　刊出日期：2018-12-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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离子型表面活性剂与牛血清白蛋白作用的比较研究 Comparative study on the interactions between ionic surfactants and bovine serum albumin 文丰, 王芸, 胡晓熙, 岑光龙, 张艳军, 尹艳镇 2018 (12):  665-674.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.001 摘要 ( 459 )   PDF(8423KB) ( 71 )   采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱、动态光散射和Zeta电位法对比研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机理。结果表明：SDS和DTAB均能猝灭BSA内源荧光,298 K时的猝灭常数Ksv分别为2.64×104和304.21 L/mol。同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱显示SDS和DTAB对BSA的构象产生了影响。SDS对BSA荧光猝灭机理为动静联合猝灭机制;热力学计算表明,SDS与BSA的结合过程中,静电力起主导作用,并且能与BSA形成SDS/BSA超分子复合物。DTAB对BSA荧光猝灭机理为动态猝灭,作用力主要是疏水作用。SDS,DTAB与BSA的平均结合距离分别为2.77和4.73 nm。综合结合常数、粒径和Zeta电位等变化,在相同条件下具有较大电荷密度和较小体积极性头基的SDS与BSA具有更强的结合作用。 A comparative study between two ionic surfactants,namely sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB),for their interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been made by measurement of fluorescence,ultraviolet absorption,dynamic light scattering and Zeta potential.The results show that,both SDS and DTAB can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA.The quenching constantsKsv at 298 K are 2.64×104 and 304.21 L/mol,respectively.Synchronous fluorescence spectra and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra show that SDS and DTAB have influences on the conformation of BSA.The fluorescence quenching of BSA by SDS occurs through a mixed static and dynamic quenching mechanism.The thermodynamic parameters reveal that the electrostatic force dominates in the formation of the SDS/BSA complex.DTAB can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by dynamic quenching,in which the hydrophobic force is dominating.The average binding distance of SDS and DTAB to BSA are calculated to be 2.77 and 4.73 nm.With the combination of results of binding constants,particle size and Zeta potential,it can be concluded that SDS with larger charge density and smaller polar headgroup has stronger binding to BSA under the same conditions. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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化妆品功效评价(Ⅹ)——化妆品主观功效宣称的科学支持 Efficacy evaluation of cosmetics (Ⅹ)Scientific support for the claim of subjective efficacyof cosmetics 尹月煊, 李诚桐, 王春晓, 朱文静, 赵华 2018 (12):  675-679.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.002 摘要 ( 392 )   PDF(6776KB) ( 451 )   化妆品的使用肤感等主观宣称主要依靠感官评价对其进行验证。感官评价实验是人们用来唤起、测量、分析及解释通过视觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉、听觉而感知到物质特征、性质的一种科学方法。介绍了化妆品感官评价的原理、环境控制、评价指标、实验流程、信度效度检验、评价方法等要素,综述了其在化妆品领域中的应用,并展望了化妆品感官评价未来发展方向。 Subjective claims such as the skin sensation in cosmetics use are mainly verified by sensory evaluation.Sensory evaluation experiment is a scientific method to arouse,measure,analyze and interpret the material characteristics and properties through visual,olfactory,gustatory,tactile,and auditory perceptions.The principle,environmental control,evaluation index,experimental procedure,reliability and validity test,evaluation method of cosmetic sensory evaluation were introduced.The application of sensory evaluation in different fields of cosmetics was described and the future development of cosmetic sensory evaluation was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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月桂酰肌氨酸钠自增稠体系的研究 Study on the self-thickening system of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 王宽, 孙吉龙, 李泽勇 2018 (12):  680-683.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.003 摘要 ( 973 )   PDF(3414KB) ( 624 )   研究了月桂酰肌氨酸钠(LS)与非离子型、阴离子型以及两性离子型表面活性剂的复配体系。通过改变表面活性剂用量、配比等参数,发现对于二元复配体系,少量烷基糖苷(APG)即可实现协同增稠;而在三元复配体系中,配比对体系黏度影响极大,其中LS、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAB)和APG复配能实现较好的自增稠效果。当在复配体系中CAB质量不低于LS时,复配体系黏度≥3 000 mPa·s,市场上流行的无硅油无硫酸盐类洗发产品可以借鉴此类自增稠方案。 The systems of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (LS) mixed with nonionic,anionic,and zwitterionic surfactants were studied.By changing the amount and the mixing ratios of these surfactants,it was found that,as for binary systems,synergistic thickening could be achieved by adding a small amount of alkyl polyglucoside (APG).In ternary systems,the mixing ratios of surfactants had significant influences on viscosity,and a self-thickening system of LS/cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB)/APG could be obtained.The viscosity of the mixture was no less than 3 000 mPa·s when the mass of CAB was not lower than LS.The popular silicone- and sulfate-free shampoos can use this self-thickening formulation as a reference. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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溶胶-凝胶法制备鞣花酸表面分子印迹聚合物 Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers via sol-gel surface imprinting for selectiveadsorption of ellagic acid 郅轲轲, 徐鲁, 张亚刚, 王璐璐, 艾克热木·牙生, 张乐涛 2018 (12):  684-690.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.004 摘要 ( 356 )   PDF(7130KB) ( 68 )   采用溶胶-凝胶方法和表面分子印迹技术,以二氧化硅为载体,鞣花酸为模板分子,3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为功能单体,四乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,在室温下合成鞣花酸分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)。通过扫描电镜表征了MIP的表面形貌。通过静态吸附实验评价了MIP对鞣花酸的吸附行为。结果显示,MIP对鞣花酸可在40 min内达到吸附平衡,印迹因子为2.68,饱和吸附容量可达70 mg/g;与非印迹聚合物相比,MIP对鞣花酸具有高选择性和特异识别性。对吸附数据进行非线性拟合结果显示,MIP对鞣花酸的吸附动力学较好地符合准二级动力学模型,MIP对鞣花酸的吸附等温线较好地符合Langmuir等温方程。另外,该材料在经过5次循环利用之后,对鞣花酸的吸附容量仍能保持在90%以上,表现了较好的重复利用性能。所合成的MIP能够作为一种良好的选择性吸附鞣花酸的功能材料,有望应用于复杂基质中鞣花酸的分离和纯化。 Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was prepared at room temperature using silica gel as the supporter,ellagic acid as the template molecule,3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the functional monomer,and tetraethoxysilicane (TEOS) as the cross-linker.The surface morphology of MIP was characterized by SEM.The adsorption of ellagic acid onto MIP was evaluated by static adsorption experiment.The results indicate that the adsorption of ellagic acid on MIP can reach equilibrium within 40 min;the imprinting factor is 2.68;the saturated adsorption capacity is as high as 70 mg/g.In contrast to non-imprinted polymer (NIP),the MIP exhibits high selectivity and specific recognition towards ellagic acid.The results of nonlinear regression of adsorption data show that the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms data of MIP fit well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model,respectively.Furthermore,the adsorption capacity of MIP maintains above 90% after five regeneration cycles,indicative of excellent reusability.The prepared MIP can be severed as an excellent functional material for selective adsorption of ellagic acid,which has application potential for the separation and purification of ellagic acid in complex matrix. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐的性能测试及其在洗衣液中的应用 The performance test of fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and its application in the liquiddetergent 宋金玉, 彭志强, 孙笑宇 2018 (12):  691-694.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.005 摘要 ( 335 )   PDF(3731KB) ( 295 )   分别采用电位滴定法、Ross-Miles泡沫仪、改进的酸滴定法和浊度法测试了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)的水解稳定性、发泡稳泡性能、钙皂分散力及Krafft点,并测试了含MES的洗衣液的稳定性和去污性能。结果表明,储存温度为45 ℃时,MES在pH=4.5~9.0时是稳定的,当pH达到10.0时,α-磺基脂肪酸二钠盐(DS)质量分数明显增加,水解现象较明显;MES对钙皂的分散力为2.5 g钙皂/gMES,LAS对钙皂的分散力为0.34 g钙皂/g LAS;MES的Krafft点约为20.9 ℃;含MES的洗衣液配方产品具有很好的稳定性,去污性能能达到国标要求。 The hydrolytic stability,foaming power and foam stability,lime soap dispersing power and Krafft point of fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES) were measured by potentiometric titration,Ross-Miles foam instrument,improved acidometric titration and turbidimetric test,respectively.The stability and detergency of the liquid detergent containing MES were also tested.The results show that when the storage temperature is 45 ℃,MES is stable at pH 4.5-9.0,however,when pH is 10.0,the mass fraction of disodium salt ofα-sulfonated fatty acid (DS) increases,indicative of obvious hydrolysis;MES shows excellent lime soap dispersing power with a value of 2.5 g calcium soap per gram of MES (In contrast,the value for LAS is 0.34 g calcium soap per gram of LAS);The Krafft point of MES is approximately 20.9 ℃;The liquid detergent products containing MES have excellent stability,and the detergency performance can meet the requirements of the national standard. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于图像的皮肤纹理评价算法研究 Research on image-based skin texture evaluation algorithm 陈文睿, 陈天华, 王小艺, 许继平, 于家斌, 王英强 2018 (12):  695-701.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.006 摘要 ( 399 )   PDF(6872KB) ( 110 )   皮肤表面纹理或微轮廓的量化评价对抗皱宣称的化妆品功效评价有重要意义。基于皮肤美容领域的应用需求和日常生活的实际需要,结合图像处理领域的相关算法,对皮肤的基础纹理特征展开了研究。首先,将实验实测的皮肤图像转为灰度图像,再通过对比度受限的自适应直方图均衡化对图像进行增强,之后通过高斯滤波去除图像的噪声,再采用维纳滤波对纹理的细节信息进行增强,得到纹理清晰的皮肤图像。通过实验确定适合于皮肤纹理评价的灰度共生矩阵的灰度级数和距离,基于灰度共生矩阵算法对皮肤纹理进行统计分析,提出了基于4个纹理特征参数的综合指标数学模型,并应用该模型对全部皮肤图像进行了纹理特征定量评价,同时也由专家对这些皮肤图像进行视觉盲评,2种评价方法一致性良好。 Quantitative evaluation of skin texture or micro-contour is of great significance for evaluating the efficacy of cosmetics against wrinkles.Skin texture,as one of the inherent characteristics of the skin,has a significant effect on skin quality.Based on the application requirements of skin beauty and the actual needs of daily life,the basic texture features of the skin were studied by the related algorithms in the field of image processing.Firstly,the experimentally measured skin image was transformed into a grayscale image.The image was then enhanced by contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization.Then the noise of the image was removed by Gauss filtering,and the details of the texture were enhanced by Wiener filtering.A clear texture of the skin image was obtained.The gray scale and distance of gray level co-occurrence matrix suitable for skin texture evaluation were determined through experiments.The skin texture was statistically analyzed based on gray level co-occurrence matrix algorithm.A mathematical model of comprehensive index based on four texture feature parameters was proposed,and the texture features of all skin images were quantitatively evaluated by using the model.Visual evaluation of these skin images was also conducted by experts.The two methods of evaluation are in good agreement. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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聚苯胺负载对甲苯磺酸催化合成肉桂酸丙酯的工艺研究 Study on catalytic synthesis of propyl cinnamate with p-toluenesulphonic acid supported onpolyaniline 丁邦东, 杨瑞洪, 杜彬, 罗志臣, 刘伟 2018 (12):  702-705.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.007 摘要 ( 270 )   PDF(3796KB) ( 241 )   以聚苯胺负载对甲基苯磺酸(PTSA/PANI)为催化剂,肉桂酸和正丙醇为原料制备肉桂酸丙酯,考察了酸醇摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量和使用次数等因素对肉桂酸丙酯收率的影响,产品采用IR和1H NMR进行结构表征。结果表明,PTSA/PANI具有较好的稳定性和催化活性。产品较佳合成工艺条件为：肉桂酸0.15 mol(约22.2 g),n(肉桂酸)∶n(正丙醇)=1∶4.0,m(PTSA/PANI)/m(肉桂酸)=6%,带水剂环己烷用量15 mL,反应时间3.5 h。在此条件下肉桂酸丙酯收率超过90.0%。催化剂连续使用6次后,产品收率仍可达到85.0%以上。 Propyl cinnamate was prepared using cinnamic acid and propanol as raw materials andp-toluenesulphonic acid supported on polyaniline (PTSA/PANI) as catalyst.The effects of molar ratio of acid/alcohol,reaction time,and the number of times used and the dosage of catalyst on the yield of propyl cinnamate were investigated.The product was characterized by IR and1H NMR.The results show that PTSA/PANI has good catalytic activity and stability.The optimized conditions are as follows:0.15 mol (approximately 22.2 g) cinnamic acid;n(cinnamic acid)∶n(propanol)=1∶4.0;the catalyst used is in an amount corresponding to 6% of the mass of cinnamic acid;the amount of cyclohexane (water entrainer) is 15 mL;the reaction time is 3.5 h.The yield of propyl cinnamate thus obtained exceeds 90.0%.The catalyst is able to be reused 6 times and the yield is still above 85.0%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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化妆品中汞的测定方法研究进展 Research progress in the determination of mercury in cosmetics 苏丽霞, 战景明, 古晓娜, 武宝利, 杨凯, 周文明 2018 (12):  706-710.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.008 摘要 ( 326 )   PDF(5744KB) ( 308 )   综述了近年来化妆品中汞的测定方法研究进展。着重介绍了原子荧光光谱法、冷原子光谱法、直接测汞仪法、原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子质谱法和电位溶出法等检测方法测定化妆品中汞含量的优缺点。结合实际需要,比较不同方法的特点,并对化妆品中汞的测定方法发展前景进行了展望。 The research progress of the determination methods of mercury in cosmetics in recent years was reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of determination methods of mercury in cosmetics were introduced,including atomic fluorescence spectrometry,cold atomic spectroscopy,direct mercury analyzer,atomic absorption spectrometry,ICP-MS and potentiometric stripping analysis.Considering the practical requirements,the characteristics of different methods were compared and the development prospects were discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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化妆品中重金属快速检测方法现状及探讨 Current state and discussion of rapid detection methods of heavy metals in cosmetics 李心爱, 李周敏, 姚颖, 张艾彩珺, 刘晓莹 2018 (12):  711-716.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.009 摘要 ( 293 )   PDF(6470KB) ( 284 )   介绍了化妆品中重金属的来源、危害,比较了目前各国化妆品中重金属的限量要求,并综述了化妆品中重金属的一些常规检测方法和快速检测方法,列举了化妆品外其他样品中重金属的快速检测方法,为建立化妆品快速检测提供参考。 The sources and hazard of heavy metals in cosmetics were introduced.The authors compared the limits of the heavy metals that must be inspected in cosmetic products from various countries,and reviewed some conventional and rapid detection methods for heavy metals in cosmetics.In addition,some rapid detection methods in other sample other than cosmetics were introduced which could provide a reference for the establishment of rapid and simple detection of cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定8种不同基质类型化妆品中的23种防腐剂 Simultaneous determination of 23 preservatives in 8 different matrixes of cosmetics by HPLC-MS/MS 陈静, 毛北萍, 郑荣, 王柯 2018 (12):  717-724.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.12.010 摘要 ( 293 )   PDF(6762KB) ( 272 )   建立了同时测定8种不同基质类型的化妆品中23种防腐剂的高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC-MS/MS)。样品经溶剂超声提取,以10 000 r/min离心5 min,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后取续滤液测定。采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm),以5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液-5 mmol/L乙酸铵甲醇溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.45 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,进样量2 μL,采用三重四级杆质谱测定。结果表明,方法的相对标准偏差为0.6%~8.4%;回收率为76.3%~107.1%;各种防腐剂的线性范围不同,分别在1~100,10~1 000和100~10 000 μg/L的质量浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.996;23种防腐剂的方法检出限为0.04~4 μg/g。该方法具有分离效率高、分析时间短、分析成分多等特点,适用于实际样品的测定。 A high liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 23 preservatives in 8 different matrixes of cosmetics.Samples were ultrasonically extracted by solvent,centrifuged at 10 000 r/min for 5 min,filtered through a 0.22 μm microporous membrane,and the continued filtrate was taken for analysis.The separation was carried out by an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm) with a gradient elution of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate in water and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate in methanol.The flow rate was 0.45 mL/min,the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 2 μL.A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometric method was used as the determination method.The results show that the relative standard deviations (RSD) are 0.6%-8.4%,the recoveries are 76.3%-107.1%,the linear range of various preservatives is different ranging from 1-100,10-1 000 and 100-10 000 μg/L.The linear mass concentration has a good linear relationship,and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.996.The detection limits of 23 preservatives are 0.04-4 μg/g.This method has the advantages of high separation efficiency,short analysis time and many analytical components,and is suitable for analyzing the preservatives in cosmetics products. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标