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2014年, 第44卷, 第10期　刊出日期：2014-10-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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利用有机化凹凸棒石颗粒制备W/O型Pickering乳液 W/O Pickering emulsions prepared with organo-attapulgite particles 张芳芳, 全丽娜, 陈浩, 赵杰 2014 (10):  541-545.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.121 摘要 ( 238 )   PDF(2131KB) ( 470 )   选取我国储量丰富的凹凸棒石矿,对其表面进行十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷有机改性处理,将制备的纳米颗粒应用于乳液的制备。系统考察了体系pH、颗粒质量分数和油相体积分数等因素对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着分散体系pH的增加,乳液液滴尺寸先增大后减小又增大再减小;随着颗粒质量分数的提高,可用于稳定乳液的颗粒数量增多,乳液稳定性提高;随着油相体积分数的增大,乳液液滴尺寸先增大后减小又增大再减小。通过调节水相体系的pH,成功制备了由有机改性凹凸棒石颗粒单独稳定的W/O型乳液。 Attapulgite ore was selected and its surface was modified with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane to prepare nano-particles.Then the new nano-particles were used for preparing emulsion.The effects of factors such as pH of the system,mass fraction of the nano-particles and volume fraction of the oil phase on stability of the Pickering emulsion were systematically investigated.Results showed that with increase of pH of the dispersion system,average diameter of emulsion droplets increases first,then decreases and then increases and decreases again.When mass fraction of the nano-particles increases,amount of the nano-particles that can be used to stabilize the emulsion increases,results in improvement of emulsion stability.Following increase of volume fraction of the oil phase,average diameter of the emulsion droplets increases first,then decreases and then increases and decreases again.W/O emulsion stabilized by organo-modified attapulgite nano-particles was successfully prepared by adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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丁二酸二异丙酯的合成及其动力学研究 Synthesis and kinetics of diisopropyl succinate 李祥, 丁斌, 郝凤岭, 关昶, 王海东, 刘群 2014 (10):  546-549.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.122 摘要 ( 324 )   PDF(806KB) ( 439 )   采用3A分子筛吸附脱水技术,以阳离子交换树脂NKC-9为催化剂、丁二酸和异丙醇为原料合成丁二酸二异丙酯。考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应转化率的影响,并测定了动力学数据。结果表明较佳酯化反应工艺条件为:n(异丙醇):n(丁二酸)=3.5:1,阳离子交换树脂NKC-9的用量为异丙醇和丁二酸总质量的9%,在温度不高于100 ℃条件下反应2 h。较佳反应条件下丁二酸的转化率为99.16%。反应总级数为二级,表观活化能为73.4 kJ·mol-1,指前因子为1.62×107 L·mol-1·min-1。 Diisopropyl succinate was prepared using succinic acid and isopropanol as starting materials,cation exchange resin (NKC-9) as catalyst and based upon 3A zeolite adsorbing dehydration technology.Effect of reaction conditions,such as mole ratio of isopropanol to succinic acid,catalyst dosage as well as reaction time et al.on the conversion was investigated.The kinetic data of this system were measured.Suitable reaction conditions were identified as:n(isopropanol):n(succinic acid)=3.5:1;NKC-9 dosage,9% of the total mass of isopropanol and succinic acid;reaction temperature not higher than 100 ℃ for 2 h.Results showed that conversion of succinic acid can reach 99.16%;the synthesis of diisopropyl succinate is a second-order reaction on NKC-9 catalyst;the apparent activation energy is 73.4 kJ·mol-1;and the pre-exponential factor is 1.62×107 L·mol-1·min-1. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(Ⅹ)——表面活性剂的吸附作用及其应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅹ) Adsorption effect of surfactants and applications 赵莉, 邓成龙, 徐宝财 2014 (10):  550-554.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.123 摘要 ( 314 )   PDF(1164KB) ( 510 )   重点阐述了表面活性剂在气/液、液/液和固/液界面上的吸附机理以及吸附特点,并分别分析了表面活性剂在上述3种界面上吸附作用的影响因素。最后介绍了表面活性剂的吸附作用在几种应用领域的研究进展。 Adsorption mechanisms and characteristics of surfactants on the gas-liquid,liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interface were described.Factors affecting the adsorption of surfactant at the three aforesaid interfaces were separately discussed in detail.Finally,progress in research work with respect to several application fields of adsorption effect of surfactants was introduced. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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双壬基二苯双醚磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂的合成与性能 Synthesis and performance of bis-(nonylphenyl alkyl ether) sulfonate Gemini surfactants 刘笑妍, 汤胜会, 朱广军 2014 (10):  555-559.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.124 摘要 ( 240 )   PDF(920KB) ( 307 )   以壬基酚、二溴烷烃和氯磺酸为原料,合成了2种双壬基二苯双醚磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂。在中间体的合成反应中引入超声波,通过正交试验优化了生成双醚中间体的反应条件,并考察了超声波功率对产率的影响。通过红外光谱、质谱以及核磁共振对产物结构进行了表征。研究了产物的表面活性、乳化性能和泡沫性能。将合成的Gemini A和Span 80复配作为复合乳化剂来乳化甲基硅油。结果表明,生成双醚的适宜反应条件为:n(壬基酚):n(二溴烷烃)=2.02:1,碱用量为20%(质量分数),65 ℃下反应1.5 h,超声波功率为250 W。合成的双子表面活性剂具有良好的表面活性、乳化性能和泡沫性能。采用复合乳化剂得到了均匀稳定的甲基硅油乳液。 Two kinds of bis-(nonylphenyl alkyl ether) sulfonate Gemini surfactant were synthesized with nonyl phenol,dibromo alkanes and chloro sulfonic acid as main starting materials.Ultrasonic wave was applied to the synthesis of the intermediates.Reaction conditions of the bis-ether intermediates were optimized by orthogonal designed experiments,and the effect of ultrasonic power on the yield was investigated.Structures of the products were characterized by FTIR,HPLC/MS and 1HNMR.The surface activity,emulsifying performance and foam performance of the products were studied.Methyl silicone oil was emulsified by a blend emulsifier of the product Gemini A and Span 80.Results showed that the suitable reaction conditions for synthesis of the intermediates are:n(nonyl phenol):n(dibromo alkanes)=2.02:1;alkali dosage,20% (mass fraction);reaction temperature,65 ℃ for 1.5 h and with ultrasonic power of 250 W.Gemini surfactants display a higher surface activity and better emulsification and foam performance.Stable silicone oil emulsion is obtained with blend emulsifier containing the Gemini surfactant. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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十二烷基苄磺基甜菜碱作为代磷助剂的性能研究 Property investigation of dodecyl benzyl sulfobetaine as phosphate-free detergent builder 董燕超, 李玲, 方云, 闻迪 2014 (10):  560-563.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.125 摘要 ( 228 )   PDF(773KB) ( 420 )   研究了N-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基-N-苄磺基甜菜碱(DBSB)作为代磷助剂的性能。结果表明,DBSB的钙皂分散指数为3%,与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)二元复配后,可提高复配体系的钙离子稳定性,当DBSB占二元体系的质量分数为15%时,体系承受的钙离子浓度从5 mmol·L-1升高到30 mmol·L-1。以DBSB替代4A沸石加入到无磷模拟洗衣粉配方中,可保持较好的去污力,且DBSB的加入可大幅度提高配方的抗硬水性能。通过正交试验得到优化配方5,其在250和400 mg·L-1硬水中的去污力均优于4A沸石无磷模拟配方(配方6),且灰分残留量较少,具有低泡性,pH、总活性物含量及游离碱含量符合国标要求。 Properties of N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-benzyl sulfobetaine (DBSB) as a phosphate-free detergent builder to replace 4A zeolite were investigated.Results showed that lime soap dispersion power (LSDP) of DBSB achieves 3%.When LAS is blended with DBSB,its calcium tolerance is enhanced.In case the mass fraction of DBSB in the blend system of LAS and DBSB achieves 15%,its calcium tolerance can be elevated from 5 mmol·L-1 to 30 mmol·L-1.Formulating DBSB into standard phosphate-free laundry powder to replace 4A zeolite will retain its good detergency with significant improvement of resistance to hard water.Via orthogonal designed experiments,an optimized formulation 5 was recommended that shows better detergency in water with hardness of 250 and 400 mg·L-1 as comparing with 4A zeolite formulated phosphate-free laundry powder formulation 6.In addition,residual ash content caused from the laundry powder formulation 5 is lower than that from formulation 6;the DBSB formulated product displays lower foam with all other specifications,such as pH,total active matter content and free alkalinity in conformity with that specified in the China national standard. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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桑叶黄酮抑制酪氨酸酶活性的动力学研究 Study of kinetics with respect to action of flavonoid from mulberry leaves on inhibition of activity of tyrosinase 付建红, 祁瑞, 郑静, 周晨婕, 陈清西 2014 (10):  564-567.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.126 摘要 ( 261 )   PDF(804KB) ( 316 )   采用超声波辅助法,以体积分数为60%的乙醇水溶液从新疆桑叶粉末中提取桑叶黄酮。以L-多巴为底物,采用酶动力学方法研究该提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用。实验结果表明,桑叶黄酮提取物对酪氨酸酶有较强的抑制作用,其IC50为0.2 g·L-1。其对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用表现为可逆效应,抑制类型为混合型抑制,对游离酶的抑制常数(KI)和对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数(KIS)分别为366和873 mg·L-1。DPPH实验显示新疆桑叶黄酮提取物具有一定的抗氧化作用,对DPPH自由基氧化作用相对活性的IC50为25 mg·L-1,与VC效果相当。 Flavonoid was extracted from powder of mulberry leaves planted in Xinjiang with 60% (vol) ethanol aqueous solution under assistance of ultrasonic wave.Adopting enzymatic kinetic method,inhibitory action of the extract on tyrosinase activity was studied using L-dopa as the substrate.Results showed that the flavonoid extract displays rather strong inhibitory action on activity of tyrosinase.Its IC50 was estimated as 0.2 g·L-1.The inhibition mechanism was studied and it was found that the reaction is reversible and type of the inhibition belongs to the mixed type,with the inhibition equilibrium constants for inhibitor binding with free enzyme KI and with enzyme-substrate complex KIS were determined as 366 and 873 mg·L-1 respectively.The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical test results showed that the flavonoid extract has the antioxidant activity to a certain extent.The IC50 is 25 mg·L-1 that is similar to vitamin C. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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金钗石斛复方在细胞水平的美容功效研究 Study of cosmetological efficacy of Dendrobium nobile prescriptions at cell theoretical level 冯冰, 吴越, 赵亚, 方程, 祝乐 2014 (10):  568-571.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.127 摘要 ( 481 )   PDF(1523KB) ( 348 )   通过水提取法得到金钗石斛复方提取液,生药质量浓度为0.5 g·mL-1。采用XTT比色法检测金钗石斛复方提取液对表皮角质细胞的线粒体活性、观察细胞增殖并检测其对ATP含量的影响;利用多巴染色等方法,检测金钗石斛复方提取液对黑素细胞酪氨酸酶活性的抑制和黑素生成的影响;利用免疫荧光法检测金钗石斛复方提取液对角质细胞保湿相关蛋白表达的影响。实验结果表明,金钗石斛复方提取液在终质量浓度为2.5 g·L-1时,较对照组可以显著提升表皮细胞的线粒体活性和ATP含量,能够明显促进细胞的增殖。金钗石斛复方提取液在不影响共培养细胞状态的前提下,较对照组可以明显降低黑素细胞的黑色素含量并抑制酪氨酸酶活性。同时金钗石斛复方还可以促进角质细胞水通道蛋白AQP3、紧密连接蛋白ZO-1及Claudin-1的表达。 Dendrobium nobile prescriptions were extracted with distilled water and the mass concentration of Dendrobium nobile in the extract is 0.5 g·mL-1.Effects of Dendrobium nobile in the extract on mitochondrial activity of epidermal keratinous cell were detected with XTT colorimetry,as well as cell proliferation observed and effect on cellular ATP contents of HaCaT cell detected.Effects of Dendrobium nobile in the extract on the inhibition of activity of melanin cell tyrosinase and formation of melanin were detected with dopa staining,et al.Effects of Dendrobium nobile prescriptions in the extract on expression of moisturizing related proteins in keratinous cell HaCaT was detected with immunofluorescence method.Results showed that the extracts of Dendrobium nobile prescriptions with mass concentration of 2.5 g·L-1 can significantly increase the mitochondrial activity of epidermal keratinous cell and cellular ATP content as comparing with that of the control group and can apparently promote proliferation of HaCaT cell.Further,melanin content in melanophore is significantly reduced and activity of tyrosinase is inhibited without affecting cell state in vitro model of the melanocyte and HaCaT cell co-culture system.Meanwhile,the extract of Dendrobium nobile prescriptions also can promote the expression of the aquaglyceroporin of keratinous cell protein AQP3,tight junctions protein ZO-1 and Claudin-1. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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几种常用美白剂协同作用研究 Synergistic effect of several kinds of whitening agent on inhibition of tyrosinase activity 王瑞雪, 赵珍, 钟雁, 李小迪, 王志勇 2014 (10):  572-576.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.128 摘要 ( 779 )   PDF(870KB) ( 681 )   利用酪氨酸酶无细胞体系、B16细胞模型2种反应体系探讨了3种常用美白成分(光甘草定、烟酰胺和VC乙基醚)联合应用对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性。结果表明:2种反应体系中,光甘草定均有最佳的酪氨酸酶抑制活性;正交实验得出3种美白成分复配后光甘草定对酪氨酸酶抑制活性影响最大;应用无细胞及B16细胞反应体系进一步证实3.125 mg·L-1光甘草定分别与不同质量浓度的烟酰胺及VC乙基醚联合使用后,可提高各复配物对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性,对比几种复配物,其中以光甘草定与烟酰胺的复配效果最佳;协同作用分析结果表明,光甘草定与烟酰胺合用可起到酪氨酸酶活性抑制增效的作用,烟酰胺可协同增强光甘草定的美白功效。 Synergistic action of joint application of glabridin,3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid and nicotinamide on tyrosinase activity was investigated using the tyrosinase cell-free system and B16 melanoma cell model.Results showed that in both systems,glabridin displays the highest tyrosinase inhibition efficacy.Via orthogonal designed experiment,action of glabridin in blends of the three kinds of whitening agent on inhibition of tyrosinase activity is identified as the highest.Further test with tyrosinase cell-free system and B16 melanoma system proved that joint use of glabridin of mass concentration 3.125 mg·L-1 with nicotinamide and 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid of separate mass concentrations can significantly enhance the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity.Comparison of experimental results showed that the blend of glabridin and nicotinamide displays the maximum synergistic inhibition action on tyrosinase activity as well as the best whitening efficacy. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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波纹巴非蛤小分子肽与芦荟提取物复配制备化妆水 Preparation of lotions based on blending of Paphia undulate small molecule peptides and aloe extract 陈晓刚, 庞秀枰, 陈忻, 孙恢礼, 陈华, 林娟花 2014 (10):  577-579.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.129 摘要 ( 314 )   PDF(795KB) ( 390 )   通过将不同质量分数的波纹巴非蛤小分子肽与芦荟提取物复配制备化妆水,研究了其对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除率,得到了含波纹巴非蛤小分子肽与芦荟提取物复配化妆水的较佳配方。结果表明,在室温下,质量分数为0.8%的波纹巴非蛤小分子肽与0.10%的芦荟提取物复配的化妆水抗氧化性能较好,其对羟基自由基的清除率达到73.7%,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率达到75.1%,感官评价和理化指标达到化妆品的行业标准。 Lotions were prepared by blending Paphia undulate small molecule peptides and aloe extract with separate mass fractions.Scavenging ratio of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical of the lotion product were investigated,and a better formulation was identified.Experimental results showed that,under room temperature,the lotion product made from 0.8% of Paphia undulate small molecule peptides and 0.1% of aloe extract shows better antioxidizing performance.Scavenging ratio for hydroxyl radical of the lotion product reaches 73.7% and scavenging ratio for superoxide anion radical reaches 75.1%.Sensory organ indices and physicochemical indices of the lotion product are in conformity with that specified in trade standards of China cosmetic industry. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基础环境因素对α-熊果苷和β-熊果苷稳定性的影响 Effect of basic environmental factors on stability of α-arbutin and β-arbutin 秦良, 刘有停, 陈毅明, 张鹏 2014 (10):  580-583.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.130 摘要 ( 364 )   PDF(808KB) ( 419 )   通过高效液相色谱法检测α-熊果苷溶液中是否有对苯二酚产生,来分析基础环境因素对α-熊果苷稳定性的影响,同时对比α-熊果苷和β-熊果苷在不同基础环境条件下的稳定性差异。结果表明,在达到100 ℃后,α-熊果苷仍保持稳定;在pH=1和13时,α-熊果苷表现不稳定,而在偏中性条件下,α-熊果苷较稳定;光照和紫外线照射都会对α-熊果苷稳定性产生影响。由2种熊果苷稳定性对比得知,两者在相同pH和光照影响下,稳定性检测结果相同;而在温度的影响下,β-熊果苷溶液在达到60 ℃后表现出不稳定性。 Effects of environmental factors on stability of α-arbutin by detecting if there was hydroquinone produced in α-arbutin solution using high performance liquid chromatography was analyzed.Meanwhile,the difference of stability between α-arbutin and β-arbutin under separate basic environmental conditions was compared.Results showed that,up to temperature 100 ℃,α-arbutin remains stable;under pH of 1 and 13,α-arbutin becomes unstable,and under pH of nearby neutral condition,α-arbutin performs stable;light and ultraviolet irradiation have an impact on the stability of α-arbutin.Comparison between stability of two kinds of arbutin vs.pH and light factors,they perform the same stability test results;while under different temperature condition,β-arbutin performs unstable under 60 ℃. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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Bola型表面活性剂自组装囊泡的研究进展 Progress in field of research work with respect to vesicles of bola-form surfactant self-assembly 刘蕊, 王香梅, 胡亚鹏 2014 (10):  584-589.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.131 摘要 ( 285 )   PDF(1344KB) ( 740 )   介绍了Bola型表面活性剂的结构特点,并详细概括了Bola型表面活性剂自组装形成单分子囊泡的原理、囊泡与胶束的相互转变及区别。综述了Bola型表面活性剂自组装囊泡的合成研究进展,并对其在纳米材料、催化作用、药物缓释、模拟生物离子通道等方面的应用作了介绍。最后对Bola型表面活性剂的研究前景进行了展望。 Structure features of bola-form surfactants were introduced,and the principle for formation of mono-molecular vesicles of bola-form surfactants,as well as the mutual transformation and difference between vesicles and micelles was summarized in detail.Progress in field of research work with respect to vesicles of bola-form surfactant self-assembly was described.Meanwhile,its applications in fields of nanomaterials,catalysis,controlled release drugs,simulated biological ion channels et al.were discussed.Finally,the future development of the research work with respect to bola-form surfactants was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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乳化剂在药物制剂中的应用 Applications of emulsifiers in pharmaceutical formulations 陈诚 2014 (10):  590-593.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.132 摘要 ( 399 )   PDF(796KB) ( 714 )   综述了近年来卵磷脂、泊洛沙姆、阿拉伯胶、吐温和司盘等乳化剂在药物制剂中的应用现状,阐述了不同乳化剂的基本理化性质及其在药物乳化中的使用特点、适用范围和配制方法。最后指出,随着非离子型乳化剂朝改头、换尾、接枝、交联、复配等研究方向发展,非离子型乳化剂凭借其优异性质,在制药工业中的应用将更加广泛。 Application status of emulsifiers such as lecithin,poloxamer,Arabic gum,Tween and Span for pharmaceutical preparations in recent years were summarized.Basic physicochemical properties of separate emulsifiers,as well as their application features,suitable applying scope and way of preparation were described.Following the development of nonionic emulsifiers trending head and tail changing,as well as grafting and blending,their applications in field of pharmaceutical preparation will be extended due to their outstanding performances. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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离子色谱法测定洗涤剂中多聚磷酸盐的研究 Determination of polyphosphates in detergent by ion chromatography 凌约涛, 王帆, 郭少飞, 杨顺风, 张霖 2014 (10):  594-596.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.10.133 摘要 ( 238 )   PDF(757KB) ( 507 )   采用离子色谱法对洗涤剂中4种磷酸盐进行了测定。洗涤剂样品用水溶解后进样,以氢氧化钠水溶液进行梯度洗脱,AS11-HC分析柱(250 mm×4 mm)分离,电导检测器进行定量。结果表明,该方法线性范围为5.0~100.0 mg·L-1,磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、三聚磷酸盐和三偏磷酸盐的最低检出限分别为0.2,0.5,0.5和0.1 g·kg-1,回收率为96.20%~103.40%,RSD为1.98%~3.81%。 A method for simultaneous determination of four kinds of phosphate by ion chromatography in detergent product was established.The detergent sample was dissolved in water for injection.NaOH solution was used as gradient elution agent and the anions were separated by AS11-HC column (250 mm×4 mm).Content of the four kinds of phosphate were quantified by conductivity detector.The peak area vs. mass concentration exhibits linearity in the range of 5.0-100.0 mg·L-1.The lowest limits of detection of phosphate,pyrophosphate,tripolyphosphate and trimetaphosphate are 0.2,0.5,0.5 and 0.1 g·kg-1 respectively.The spiked recoveries are in the range of 96.20%-103.40%.The relative standard deviations are 1.98%-3.81%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标