当期目录

2014年, 第44卷, 第8期　刊出日期：2014-08-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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三硅氧烷离子液体水溶液的动态表面张力研究 Dynamic surface tension of trisiloxane ionic liquid aqueous solution 李恩泽, 杜志平, 李萍, 王国永 2014 (8):  421-425.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.094 摘要 ( 313 )   PDF(916KB) ( 624 )   采用气泡压力张力仪测定了三硅氧烷吡啶类离子液体([Si(3)Py]Cl)和三硅氧烷咪唑类离子液体([Si(3)Mim]Cl)水溶液的动态表面张力,考察了浓度和温度对其动态表面张力的影响。根据Word-Tordai方程对所得数据进行分析,计算得出不同测定条件下离子液体分子吸附初始阶段和长时吸附阶段的扩散系数,得出上述2种离子液体在水中的吸附机理均属于混合动力控制吸附。 Dynamic surface tension (DST) of trisiloxanepyridinium ionic liquid and trisiloxaneimidazolium ionic liquid aqueous solution were measured with bubble pressure tensiometer.Effects of concentration and temperature on DST were investigated in detail.Data obtained were analyzed in accordance with Word-Tordai equation,and the diffusion coefficients for ionic liquid molecular adsorption in initial time stage and long time stage under different conditions were figured out respectively.The results indicated that the adsorption mechanism of both above said two kinds of ionic liquid belongs to mixed diffusion-kinetic controlled adsorption. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(Ⅷ)——表面活性剂的蠕虫状胶束及其应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅷ) Surfactant wormlike micelles and their applications 赵莉, 谭婷婷, 徐宝财 2014 (8):  426-431.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.095 摘要 ( 379 )   PDF(1116KB) ( 484 )   首先简单介绍了表面活性剂蠕虫状胶束的结构和形成,列出了常见的表面活性剂蠕虫状胶束体系,重点阐述了蠕虫状胶束的基本性质和常用的研究手段,最后着重综述了表面活性剂蠕虫状胶束在采油领域的应用。 Structures and formation of surfactant wormlike micelles were presented,and then most common surfactant wormlike micelle systems were described.The basic properties and conventional measures used in research work with respect to wormlike micelle systems were focused.Finally,the application of surfactant wormlike micelles in field of crude oil recovery was summarized. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯二钠盐的合成及性能研究 Preparation and performance of disodium mono (alkyl polyoxyethylene ether) glucosidyl citrate 白亮, 杨秀全, 张军, 周媛 2014 (8):  432-435.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.096 摘要 ( 320 )   PDF(760KB) ( 349 )   采用间接酯化法以柠檬酸和乙酸酐为原料,先合成柠檬酸酐,再与醇醚糖苷(含有过量未反应的脂肪醇醚)以摩尔比为1:1,90 ℃下反应2 h合成了醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯(醇醚糖苷转化率高达96%以上),再用NaOH溶液将其中和制得醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯二钠盐(MAEG-EC-X-Na)。采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。同时对产物的物化性能进行了测定,结果表明,随着醇醚糖苷原料中醇醚含量的增加,柠檬酸单酯二钠盐的cmc值、起泡性能、泡沫稳定性逐渐减小,而γcmc变化不明显;NaCl对MAEG-EC-70-Na与AES(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠)和CAO(氧化胺)分别按一定比例复配后体系的黏度有较大影响。 Via indirect esterification,citric anhydride was prepared with citric acid and acetic anhydride as starting materials,and then the citric anhydride was reacted with alkyl polyoxyethylene ether glucoside (containing excess of unreacted alkyl polyoxyethylene ether) at conditions as mole ratio 1:1 and temperature of 90 ℃ for 2 h to get mono (alkyl polyethethylene ether) glucosidyl citrate.Conversion of the esterification achieves 96% and higher.Then the mono (alkyl polyethylene ether) glucosidyl citrate was neutralized with NaOH to get the product disodium mono (alkyl polyoxyethylene ether) glucosidyl citrate (simply expressed as MAEG-EC-X-Na).Chemical structure of MAEG-EC-X-Na was characterized by IR.Physicochemical properties of the product were measured.Results showed that:as the content of the alkyl polyoxyethylene ether in the raw material increases,the cmc value,foaming power and foam stability of MAEG-EC-X-Na decreases,while γcmc does not change significantly;NaCl has rather big influence on viscosity of blend systems composed of MAEG-EC-70-Na,AES and amine oxide. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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SO3气相硫酸化法合成异辛醇硫酸钠及其性能研究 Preparation and performance of sodium iso-octanol sulfate by SO3 gas phase sulfation method 赵建红, 陈武渊 2014 (8):  436-438.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.097 摘要 ( 281 )   PDF(760KB) ( 475 )   在降膜式磺化/硫酸化反应器中,异辛醇与SO3气体进行硫酸化反应,经氢氧化钠中和制得异辛醇硫酸钠。用红外光谱对产物结构进行了表征。正交试验考察各因素对反应转化率的影响,确定较优的合成条件为:异辛醇流量13.9 kg·h-1,SO3气体体积分数3%,反应器夹套水温度20 ℃,中和温度50 ℃。产品的性能测试结果显示其表面活性、渗透力、泡沫性能等与市售氨基磺酸硫酸化产品基本一致。 Iso-octanol was sulfated by SO3 gas in a falling-film sulfonation/sulfation reactor,and the intermediate was neutralized by NaOH solution to get the product sodium iso-octanol sulfate.Structure of the product was characterized by means of FTIR.Factors that influencing the product yield were investigated and optimum reaction conditions were identified by orthogonal designed experiment as:dosage of iso-octanol 13.9 kg·h-1,volume fraction of SO3 gas 3%,reactor jacket cooling water temperature 20 ℃,reaction temperature of neutralization 50 ℃.Performance indices,such as surface activity,wetting power and foaming performance et al.of the end product are basically coincide with that of product purchased from market that was prepared by aminosulfonic acid method. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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松香聚氧乙烯酯表面活性剂去污性能研究 Study on detergency of surfactant ethoxylated rosin ester 车文成, 董利, 陈少峰 2014 (8):  439-442.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.098 摘要 ( 283 )   PDF(728KB) ( 344 )   将松香聚氧乙烯酯表面活性剂与标准洗衣液、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和三聚磷酸钠进行复配,研究其去污性能和抗再沉积性。实验结果表明,松香聚氧乙烯酯表面活性剂有较强的去污能力和抗再沉积性能,可单独作洗涤剂使用,其与十二烷基苯磺酸钠和三聚磷酸钠等成分有较好的配伍性和协同性;松香聚氧乙烯酯表面活性剂与标准洗衣液配合使用时,其适宜质量分数为20%。 Surfactant ethoxylated rosin ester was blended with standard laundry liquid detergent,LAS and STPP and their detergency as well as anti-re-precipitation performance were investigated.Experiment results indicated that the ethoxylated rosin ester surfactant shows strong detergency and anti-re-precipitation effect,which enables itself to be used alone as detergent as well as can be blended with LAS and STPP and shows good compatibility and synergic effect.The sample of ethoxylated rosin ester surfactant shows its best effect when blended with standard laundry liquid detergent at mass fraction of 20%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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响应面法优化海藻酸钠微球包封L-抗坏血酸的制备工艺 Optimization of the process for preparation of sodium alginate microspheres encapsulating L-ascorbic acid by response surface method 王婷婷, 曹光群, 董伟 2014 (8):  443-447.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.099 摘要 ( 294 )   PDF(1508KB) ( 346 )   用内源乳化凝胶法制备包封L-抗坏血酸(VC)的海藻酸钠(SA)微球。以包封率和粒径为指标,采用单因素及响应面实验相结合的方法,确定了SA微球包封VC的较佳制备条件:Span 80质量分数为2%,水相体积分数为30%,转速为400 r·min-1,SA质量浓度为18.80 g·L-1,n(冰醋酸)/n(CaCO3)=3.29,m(Ca)/m(SA)=0.071 6,在此条件下,制备的SA微球包封率为63.83%。为进一步提高包封率,在较佳制备条件下,用SA/羧甲基壳聚糖(NOCC)作为壁材制备SA/NOCC微球,其包封率为77.08%。扫描电镜显示SA/NOCC微球表面气孔明显少于SA微球。 Sodium alginate (SA) microspheres that are used for L-ascorbic acid encapsulation were prepared by emulsification/internal gelation method.The optimized preparation conditions were studied by combination of single factor experiment and response surface method with encapsulation extent (EE) and particle sizes as indices and the conditions were identified as:dosage of Span 80,2% (mass of the oil phase material);volume fraction of water,30%;stirring speed,400 r·min-1;mass concentration of SA,18.80 g·L-1;mole ratio,n(acetic acid)/n(CaCO3)=3.29;mass ratio,m(Ca)/m(SA)=0.071 6.Under these conditions,the EE of SA microspheres achieves 63.83%.To improve the EE further,microspheres were prepared using SA/N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) as wall materials under the optimized preparation conditions.The EE of SA/NOCC microspheres achieves 77.08%.The scanning electron microscope revealed that microspheres prepared with SA/NOCC have obviously less pores on the surface than that prepared with SA. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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金银花中绿原酸防晒作用研究 Studies on sunscreen efficacy of chlorogenic acid in Flos lonicerae 张英, 林峰, 饶长全, 莫伟焕 2014 (8):  448-451.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.100 摘要 ( 444 )   PDF(803KB) ( 664 )   考察了金银花中绿原酸的紫外吸收性能、光照稳定性、酸碱稳定性及其防晒产品的防晒性能。结果显示,金银花提取物在280～350 nm内具有良好的紫外吸收性能。绿原酸具有光化学活性,发生光降解反应,提取物溶液中绿原酸的保留率随光照时间的延长而降低,光照8 h提取物溶液中绿原酸的保留率为85.6%。在pH=3～7时绿原酸相对稳定。金银花防晒霜体外评价SPF值与金银花提取物中绿原酸含量有关,防晒霜中绿原酸质量分数达2.15%时SPF值为15。 UV absorption performance,light stability and pH stability of chlorogenic acid in Flos lonicerae as well as sunscreen performance of its formulated product were investigated.Results showed that UV absorption spectrum of the Flos lonicerae extract ranges between 280~350 nm,with good UV absorbing performance.Chlorogenic acid has photochemical activity that results in photodegradation reaction.Retention ratio of the chlorogenic acid in the Flos lonicerae extract solution decreases as the irradiation time increases,with a retention ratio of 85.6% after an irradiation time of 8 h.The chlorogenic acid is rather stable when pH is a range of 3~7.Vitro evaluation for SPF of sunscreen cream formulated with Flos lonicerae extract depends on content of chlorogenic acid in the extract.As the mass fraction of chlorogenic acid in the extract achieves 2.15%,SPF of sunscreen cream formulated with the extract achieves 15. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于表面活性剂增溶技术的薯蓣皂苷萃取研究 Study of dioscin extraction based on surfactant solubilization technology 李祥, 师春兰, 王丽萍, 张彬 2014 (8):  452-455.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.101 摘要 ( 251 )   PDF(808KB) ( 428 )   采用超声波辅助表面活性剂增溶技术进行薯蓣皂苷的萃取,研究了表面活性剂的种类、碳链长度、HLB值、临界胶束浓度(cmc)等对薯蓣皂苷萃取效果的影响。结果表明,主链长度为12,HLB值不小于15,cmc较小的阴离子表面活性剂对薯蓣皂苷的萃取作用大。进一步研究得到浓度为2.58×10-2 mol·L-1的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液宜作为薯蓣皂苷的萃取剂,薯蓣皂苷得率为9.51%。 Surfactant solubilization technology was adopted for extraction of dioscin with assistance of ultrasonic wave action.Influence of kinds of the surfactant,as well as carbon chain length,hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value and critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant on effectiveness of dioscin extraction were investigated.Results showed that the anionic surfactant with carbon chain length of 12,HLB value of higher than 15 and smaller cmc value displays better extraction yield of dioscin.Sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution with concentration of 2.58×10-2 mol·L-1 is recommended as the proper extraction solvent;the extraction yield of dioscin achieves 9.51%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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松口蘑活性物提取工艺研究及其安全功效评价 Extraction technology of Tricholoma matsutake Sing and evaluation for its safety and efficacy on human body 邓影妹, 赵华 2014 (8):  456-459.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.102 摘要 ( 432 )   PDF(747KB) ( 304 )   对松口蘑提取工艺进行优化,并测定提取物中总黄酮、总多酚及总多糖含量。结果表明,在溶剂为体积分数70%乙醇水溶液,料液比1:20,提取时间2 h条件下,提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率达59.71%,总黄酮、总多酚和总多糖质量分数分别为0.720 mg·g-1,0.026 mg·g-1和11.84%。安全性实验结果表明:松口蘑提取物添加量不大于4%时,红细胞溶血率不高于4.31%;将松口蘑膏霜样品进行斑贴试验,结果呈阴性。人体美白功效试验结果表明,松口蘑膏霜样品能够抑制黑色素沉着和提升皮肤亮度,具有美白功效。 Extraction technology of Tricholoma matsutake Sing was optimized and the content of its total flavonoids,total polyphenols and total polysaccharides were determined.Results showed that,under extraction conditions as: solvent,ethanol aqueous solution with volumetric concentration 70%;solid-liquid ratio,1:20;extraction time,2 h;its inhibition efficacy on tyrosinase achieves 59.71%.Content of total flavonoids,total polyphenols and total polysaccharides in the Tricholoma matsutake Sing were determined as 0.720 mg·g-1,0.026 mg·g-1 and 11.84% respectively.Safety tests results showed that,as the addition amount of the Tricholoma matsutake Sing extract is not more than 4%,hemolysis of blood red cell will be not higher than 4.31%.Patch test results of the cosmetic cream product containing Tricholoma matsutake Sing shows negative.Via the whitening efficacy tests,the cosmetic cream product containing the Tricholoma matsutake Sing extract shows efficacy for inhibition of melanin pigmentation as well as improvement of brightness and whitening of human body skin. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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Pickering乳液的研究进展 Progress in research work with respect to Pickering emulsion 陆佳, 田晓晓, 金叶玲, 陈静, 丁师杰 2014 (8):  460-466.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.103 摘要 ( 675 )   PDF(1480KB) ( 1257 )   简要介绍了Pickering乳液的稳定机理,即机械阻隔机理和三维黏弹粒子网络机理。从球形固体颗粒稳定的乳液、片层状固体粒子稳定的乳液以及不同环境响应型乳液(如pH、温度、电场、磁场)等方面对目前Pickering乳液的研究现状进行了综述,并概述了Pickering乳液在乳液聚合、功能材料的制备、药物释放和催化剂的分离回收等方面的应用研究,最后对其发展方向进行了展望。 Stabilization mechanisms of Pickering emulsion,including mechanical barrier mechanism and three-dimensional viscoelastic particles network mechanism,were introduced.The current research work status about Pickering emulsion covering emulsion stabilized by spherical particles,emulsion stabilized by layered particles as well as various environmental stimuli (such as pH,temperature,electric fields,and magnetic fields et al.) responding type emulsion,were summarized.Meanwhile,the concerning applications of Pickering emulsion such as emulsion polymerization,functional material preparation,drug release,catalyst separation and recycling,were described.At last,the development trend of Pickering emulsion was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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流变学在化妆品领域的应用与研究进展 Application and research progress of rheology in the field of cosmetics 贾红娇, 李芳芳, 缪玉莲, 张婉萍 2014 (8):  467-471.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.104 摘要 ( 672 )   PDF(764KB) ( 1074 )   简要介绍了化妆品流变学的定义,系统综述了流变学在判断化妆品流体类型、化妆品生产、稳定性考察及肤感评价等方面的应用,重点阐述了流变学在表面活性剂、乳状液、凝胶等化妆品体系中的研究进展,指出了在未来开发化妆品过程中,通过流变学将微观结构和产品特性联系在一起的发展方向。 Definition for cosmetic rheology was briefed,and application of rheological principles for identification of fluid type,production,stability investigation and skin feel evaluation of cosmetics was summarized.Progress in the field of research work with respect to rheological principles in cosmetic systems such as surfactant formulations as well as emulsions and gels was expounded.It was pointed out that connection of micro-structure and product characteristics of cosmetics via rheological principles will be the trend in the future development process of cosmetic industry. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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液相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中10种邻苯二甲酸酯 Determination of ten kinds of phthalic acid ester in cosmetics by LC-MS 白亚敏, 杨小珊, 毛庆, 江生, 秦剑 2014 (8):  472-475.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.105 摘要 ( 239 )   PDF(749KB) ( 358 )   采用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)法检测化妆品中10种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的残留量。化妆品样品溶解后超声振荡提取,采用多反应监测模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,添加浓度为10倍检出限时,邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的回收率为76.2%～95.2%,相对标准偏差为4.4%～8.9%。可用于化妆品中10种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的同时测定。 A method was established to determine residual content of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in cosmetics.Samples were dissolved and then extracted under assistance of ultrasonic wave.Detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode.The quantification was obtained utilizing the external standard method.Recoveries of residual content PAEs,with spike of ten times of the detection limit were 76.2%-95.2%,and the RSDs of the method were 4.4%-8.9%.The method can be applied to determine ten kinds of PAE in cosmetics simultaneously. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定化妆品中的铅、汞、砷和镉 Simultaneous determination of lead,mercury,arsenic and cadmium in cosmetics by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 佟晓波, 段艳杰, 孙晓娟, 袁波 2014 (8):  476-478.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.08.106 摘要 ( 290 )   PDF(718KB) ( 423 )   建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定化妆品中铅、汞、砷和镉含量的方法。样品经密闭微波消解后,以铟作为内标物质,用ICP-MS同时测定铅、汞、砷和镉的含量,并将该方法和国家法定方法的检测结果进行比较。结果表明,4种元素标准曲线的线性关系良好,r值均为0.999 7,检出限为0.006～0.1 μg·L-1,重复性实验(n=6)的RSD为0.65%~4.82%,回收率为94.1%~108.6%。方法学比较表明该方法和国家法定方法的测定结果基本一致。 A method for simultaneous determination of lead,mercury,arsenic and cadmium in cosmetics by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was established.Indium was used as internal standard element.Samples were digested in a closed microwave oven.Contents of lead,mercury,arsenic and cadmium were simultaneously analyzed by ICP-MS,and the results were compared with that obtained from the national official method.The calibration curves for four elements showed good linearity with all correlative coefficients of 0.999 7;the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.006~0.1 μg·L-1;the relative standard deviations of repeatability experiments of samples (n=6) were between 0.65% and 4.82%;the spiked recoveries were between 94.1% and 108.6%.Methodological study showed that the results obtained from this method were basically consistent with that from the national official method. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标