当期目录

2018年, 第48卷, 第7期　刊出日期：2018-07-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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全氟羧酸二价盐及全氟羧酸/三价金属盐混合体系表面活性研究 The surface activity study of divalent salts of perfluorinated carboxylic acids(PFA) and the mixtures of PFA/trivalent metal salts 肖子冰,窦增培,何挺,邢航,肖进新 2018 (7):  363-370.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.001 摘要 ( 234 )   PDF(5805KB) ( 254 )   合成一系列全氟辛酸二价盐(M(PFOA)2,M2+ =Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+)和全氟丁酸二价盐(M(PFBA)2),并测定其在水、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和乙二醇(EG)中的表面张力,同时测定了全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟丁酸(PFBA)分别与三价金属盐(LaCl3和FeCl3)组成的混合物在水溶液中的表面张力。结果表明,与相应的钾盐相比,M(PFOA)2和M(PFBA)2具有更高的表面活性,而全氟羧酸(PFOA或PFBA)与三价金属盐的混合物未见表面活性显著提高。M(PFOA)2可作为降低PFOA盐使用量的重要方法加以应用。 A series of divalent salts (M(PFOA)2 and M(PFBA)2,M2+=Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+) of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were synthesized,whose surface activities in water,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) were studied.The aqueous solutions of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (i.e.PFOA and PFBA) mixed with trivalent metal salts were also investigated by surface tension measurement.The results show that the surface activities of M(PFOA)2 and M(PFBA)2 are higher than that of potassium perfluorooctanoate (PFOK) and potassium perfluorobutanoate (PFBK),respectively,in all of the three solvents.But the surface tension of the mixtures of PFOA (or PFBA) and trivalent metal salts show no improvement compared with that of PFOA (or PFBA) alone.M(PFOA)2 has shown the potential of reducing the usage amount of PFOA salts in application. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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化妆品功效评价(Ⅶ)——细胞生物学在化妆品功效评价中的应用 Efficacy evaluation of cosmetics (Ⅶ) Application of cell biology in efficacy evaluation of cosmetics 郭立群,王敏 2018 (7):  371-377.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.002 摘要 ( 680 )   PDF(6678KB) ( 586 )   概述了细胞生物学在化妆品功效评价中的应用,对当下细胞生物学中主流研究技术在化妆品的保湿、美白、延缓衰老以及抵御污染等方面的评价应用进行了介绍,为化妆品安全与功效评价的体外替代方法提供了新思路,并展望了基于体外细胞的评价方法发展新趋势。 The applications of cell biology in cosmetics efficacy evaluation were summarized and the current mainstream research techniques in cell biology in the aspects of cosmetic moisturizing, whitening, anti-aging, and anti-pollution were introduced. The new idea of in vitro alternative methods to evaluate cosmetic safety and efficacy was proposed and look forward to new trends in the development of in vitro cell-based evaluation methods. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐的合成与性能研究 Synthesis and properties of ethyl-Nα-lauroyl-L-arginate·HCl 柯回春,耿涛,姜亚洁,张春桥,鞠洪斌,王亚魁 2018 (7):  378-381.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.003 摘要 ( 328 )   PDF(3471KB) ( 274 )   以月桂酸、精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐、N,N′-二环己基碳二亚胺和三乙胺为原料,合成了月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(LAE)。通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,对其表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿性能、乳化性能和抑菌性能进行了测试。结果表明,LAE的cmc为3 mmol/L,γcmc为32.42 mN/m;在高纯水中发泡力为285 mL;在石蜡膜/空气/水界面的接触角为50.2°;在与液体石蜡混合后下层分出10 mL水平均所需时间为378.14 s;在质量浓度为30 mg/L时,对所选微生物的抑菌率达到90%以上;LAE与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵相比,其乳化性能和润湿性能更好。 Ethyl-Nα-lauroyl-L-arginate·HCl (LAE) was synthesized from lauric acid,L-arginine ethyl ester dihydrochloride,N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and triethylamine.The structure of product was characterized by IR and the properties of the product were measured,such as surface activity,foaming power,wetting power,emulsifying property and antibacterial activity.The results show that the cmc of the product is 3 mmol/L,γcmc is 32.42 mN/m;the foaming power is 285 mL in high purity water;the contact angle at the paraffin film/air/water interface is 50.2°;after mixed with liquid paraffin,the average time required for separating 10 mL water out from the bottom phase is 378.14 s;the bacteriostasis rate for selected microorganisms is above 90% at the mass concentration of 30 mg/L of LAE;compared with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB),LAE has better emulsifying and wetting properties. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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表面活性剂对SAPO-34晶体形貌的调控研究 Study on the control of SAPO-34 crystal morphology by the surfactant 何祖光,李晓峰,狄春雨,李志宏,郭云鸦,窦涛 2018 (7):  382-387.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.004 摘要 ( 261 )   PDF(11329KB) ( 45 )   分别以拟薄水铝石为铝源,磷酸为磷源,硅溶胶为硅源,三乙胺和四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,在反应体系中添加十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(STAB)合成板层状小晶粒SAPO-34分子筛。通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR、NH3-TPD和N2吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行表征。并且考察了样品在甲醇制烯烃(MTO)反应中的催化性能。结果表明,由于STAB长链分子的存在,在反应中形成了特定的有机序列,可以使分子筛样品的粒径变小,厚度变薄,强酸量略微增加,对比与传统方法做出的分子筛样品,具有更高的催化寿命和双烯(乙烯+丙烯)选择性。 The layered and small crystals of SAPO-34 molecular sieve were synthesized by adding a certain amount of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (STAB) and using pseudoboehmite as aluminum source,phosphoric acid as phosphorus source,silica sol as silicon source,and triethylamine and tetraethylammonium hydroxide as templates.The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,FT-IR,NH3-TPD and BET.The catalytic performances of these samples for converting methanol to olefins (MTO) were also evaluated.Results show that,due to the presence of STAB,a specific organic sequence is formed in the reaction and therefore the particle size becomes smaller and thinner and the content of strong acid increases slightly.In contrast with the molecular sieve samples prepared by traditional methods,it has higher catalytic lifetime and selectivity to ethylene and propylene. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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醋酸丁酯固定床催化合成乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯 Catalytic synthesis of mono and diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate from n-butyl acetate in stationary bed 张金昌,李铁纯 2018 (7):  388-391.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.005 摘要 ( 246 )   PDF(2943KB) ( 236 )   通过共沉淀法合成水滑石类LDH复合氧化物,经过花生酸改性后,发现其在FT-IR、N2吸附的表征中与改性前相比有显著差别;将其作为催化剂在固定床反应器上进行醋酸丁酯的乙氧基化反应,醋酸丁酯的转化率为24.7%,产物1-EBAC和2-EBAC的选择性分别为17.6%和12.8%。结果表明反应活性明显提高,目标产物含量显著增大,产品分布变窄。 A layered double hydroxide (LDH) material whose structure was similar to that of hydrotalcite was synthesized by co-precipitation method.The prepared catalyst modified with arachidic acid was significantly different from the one before modification according to the characterization by FT-IR and N2 adsorption.The modified catalyst was applied in ethoxylation of butyl acetate with stationary bed reactor.The results show that,the conversion of butyl acetate is 24.7%,the selectivities of 1-EBAC and 2-EBAC are 17.6% and 12.8%,respectively.The modified catalyst shows distinctly enhanced reactivity.The content of target product is improved,and the distribution of the product is narrower as well. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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层状双氢氧化物和蒙脱石的剥离及其自组装 Exfoliation of layered double hydroxide and montmorillonite and their self-assembly 戴璐逊,梁少彬,陈耀,谢襄漓,李存军,王林江 2018 (7):  392-398.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.006 摘要 ( 279 )   PDF(8999KB) ( 45 )   以钙基蒙脱石为原料,氟化钠为钠化剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为有机改性剂采用离子交换法制备了有机蒙脱石(CTA-MMT);以硝酸镁、硝酸铝、氢氧化钠和十二烷基磺酸钠为原料,采用水热法制备了有机型镁铝层状双氢氧化物(MgAl-SDS-LDH);以氯仿为剥离介质,采用超声法剥离CTA-MMT和MgAl-SDS-LDH,分别获得了两种剥离型矿物溶胶,将其混合自组装制备了蒙脱石/层状双氢氧化物(MMT/LDH)组装材料。用XRD和AFM表征了CTA-MMT和MgAl-SDS-LDH及其剥离产物,并分析了组装材料的热稳定性。结果表明,CTA-MMT和MgAl-SDS-LDH在氯仿介质中剥离仅需20 min,剥离型CTA-MMT和MgAl-SDS-LDH片层平均厚度分别约为9和8 nm。MMT/LDH由剥离型CTA-MMT和MgAl-SDS-LDH片层有序组装而成,组装材料结构与MgAl-SDS-LDH和CTA-MMT的含量有关,其结构单元层间距2.59 nm(CTA-MMT含量较低时)随着组装材料中CTA-MMT含量的升高而转变为1.82 nm。MMT/LDH组装材料具有较单一的CTA-MMT或MgAl-SDS-LDH更高的热稳定性。 Organic montmorillonite (CTA-MMT) was prepared with the method of ion exchange by using calcium-montmorillonite as raw material,sodium fluoride as sodium agent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as organic modifier.Organic layered double hydroxide (MgAl-SDS-LDH) was synthesized by hydrothermal method by using the raw materials of magnesium nitrate,aluminum nitrate,sodium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS).Sols of exfoliated CTA-MMT and exfoliated MgAl-SDS-LDH were obtained by exfoliation of CTA-MMT and MgAl-SDS-LDH in chloroform through ultrasonication.By mixing the two sols,montmorillonite/layered double hydroxide nanocomposite (MMT/LDH) was prepared by self-assembly of exfoliated products.The structures of CTA-MMT,MgAl-SDS-LDH and their exfoliated products were characterized by XRD and AFM.The thermal stability of MMT/LDH was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis.The results show that CTA-MMT and MgAl-SDS-LDH can be exfoliated in chloroform in merely 20 min.The average thicknesses of exfoliated CTA-MMT and exfoliated MgAl-SDS-LDH are about 9 and 8 nm,respectively.MMT/LDH is a self-assembling material which is assembled orderly by exfoliated CTA-MMT and exfoliated MgAl-SDS-LDH,and the structure of MMT/LDH is influenced by the content of exfoliated MgAl-SDS-LDH and exfoliated CTA-MMT.The interlayer spacing of MMT/LDH decreases with the increase of content of exfoliated CTA-MMT,from 2.59 nm (in the case of low content of CTA-MMT) to 1.82 nm (in the case of high content of CTA-MMT).Furthermore,the thermostability of MMT/LDH is better than that of pristine CTA-MMT or MgAl-SDS-LDH. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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可褪色环保划粉的研究 Study of eco-friendly color-fadable chalk 李忠平,张凯,董振宇,孙美荣,孙文会,董川, 2018 (7):  399-402.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.007 摘要 ( 205 )   PDF(3393KB) ( 240 )   以光泽度、褪色效果和褪色时间等作为考察的性能指标,对制备划粉中的苯甲酸、橙花醚主体、可褪色环保色料着色剂、表面活性剂和脱模剂等进行了优化。进而得到划粉的较佳配方为:苯甲酸53.7%、橙花醚37.2%、色料3.3%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠3.3%、硬脂酸钙2.5%,此时划粉的各项性能良好。 According to the performance indicators of chalks (the gloss and the effectiveness and time of color fading),the composition of chalks was optimized,such as benzoic acid,nerolin,surfactants,release agent and a series of color-fadable pigments.The optimized formula of the chalk thus obtained contains 53.7% benzoic acid,37.2% nerolin,3.3% pigment,3.3% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 2.5% calcium stearate. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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中草药祛痘复方对痤疮致病菌和外泌酶的影响 The effect of Chinese herbal anti-acne formula on pathogenic bacteria and exocrine enzyme of acne vulgaris 贺改英,陈迪,沈丽 2018 (7):  403-407.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.008 摘要 ( 293 )   PDF(3792KB) ( 315 )   通过药敏试验和抑菌试验考察中草药祛痘复方对痤疮丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes,PA)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)和表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis,SE)的抑菌功效,同时考察其对3种菌的抑菌时间动力学的影响。采用脂肪酶和蛋白酶水解底物形成的透明圈,研究中草药祛痘复方对PA释放脂肪酶和蛋白酶的影响。结果表明,中草药祛痘复方明显抑制了PA、SA和SE,并呈时间和剂量依赖性关系;中草药祛痘复方抑制脂肪酶和蛋白酶的作用主要是通过抑制PA而发挥作用。 The antimicrobial efficacy of Chinese herbal anti-acne formula on Propionibacterium acnes (PA),Staphylococcus aureus (SA),and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) were investigated by susceptibility test and bacteriostatic test,and the bacteriostatic kinetics of it on these three bacterial were also examined.A transparent circle formed by lipase and protease hydrolysis substrate was used to study the effect of Chinese herbal anti-acne formula on the release of lipase and protease from PA.The results show that Chinese herbal anti-acne formula significantly inhibits PA,SA and SE in a time-and dose-dependent manner.The inhibitory effect of Chinese herbal anti-acne formula on lipase and protease mainly depends on inhibiting PA. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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抑菌型表面活性剂抑菌机理及应用 Antimicrobial mechanisms and applications of antimicrobial surfactants 何天盈,殷娴,孙博,张鹏,廖永红,王凤寰 2018 (7):  408-414.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.009 摘要 ( 442 )   PDF(6377KB) ( 361 )   概述了阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂的抑菌机理及应用,其中重点介绍了抑菌型生物表面活性剂的应用,并对表面活性剂在抑菌领域的发展趋势提出了展望。 The antimicrobial mechanisms and applications of cationic surfactants,anionic surfactants and biosurfactants were summarized.The applications of biosurfactants were mainly introduced and the trends of surfactants in the antibacterial field were prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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HPLC法测定化妆品中12种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物 Determination of 12 kinds of phthalates in cosmetics by HPLC 蔡霞,黄艳婷,符美燕,蒙晓,梁祈 2018 (7):  415-418.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.010 摘要 ( 268 )   PDF(2882KB) ( 251 )   采用亚3 μm填料的Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm)对化妆品中的12种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物进行分析,以甲醇-乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长230 nm。结果表明,12种成分在10 min内完成分离,在5.0~100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法检出限为1.0~40.0 mg/kg,定量下限为3.5~150.0 mg/kg,平均加样回收率在89.4%~107.1%之间,RSD在0.3%~1.5%之间。 The chromatographic separation of 12 kinds of phthalates in cosmetics was achieved on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm) filled with particles of sub-3 μm,with the mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water by gradient elution,at the detection wavelength of 230 nm.The results indicate that 12 components are completely separated in 10 min,and the linear relationship is good in the range of 5.0-100 mg/L.The detection limits range from 1.0 mg/kg to 40.0 mg/kg,and the lower limits of quantitation range from 3.5 mg/kg to 150.0 mg/kg.The average recoveries are in the range of 89.4%-107.1%,and RSDs are in the range of 0.3%-1.5%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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HPLC-DAD法和GC-FID法测定化妆品中6-甲基香豆素的方法比较 Comparison of determination of 6-methyl coumarin in cosmetics by HPLC-DAD and GC-FID 刘红,张静雅,胡贝,魏柳珍 2018 (7):  419-422.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.07.011 摘要 ( 264 )   PDF(2716KB) ( 250 )   对化妆品中6-甲基香豆素测定的HPLC-DAD法和GC-FID法进行了比较,如有阳性样品,用GC-MS法进行确证。用甲醇提取化妆品中6-甲基香豆素,优化两种方法的色谱条件,并对样品进行测定,比较了两种方法的回收率、精密度、相关系数、检出限及定量限。结果表明,两种测定方法的线性关系良好,HPLC-DAD法加标回收率为92.20%~102.80%,RSD为0.77%~2.00%,检出限为0.05 mg/kg,定量限为0.17 mg/kg;GC-FID法加标回收率为97.30%~103.28%,RSD为0.47%~4.87%,检出限为1.3 mg/kg,定量限为5.0 mg/kg;HPLC-DAD法比GC-FID法的检出限更低且灵敏度更高,对含量低的样品更有优势。 To compare a high performance liquid chromatography with the diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method and a gas chromatograph with the flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method for the determination of 6-methyl coumarin in cosmetics.Positive samples were confirmed by GC-MS.Methanol was used to extract 6-methyl coumarin from cosmetics,and the chromatographic conditions of the two methods were optimized.Samples were measured and the recoveries,precisions,correlation coefficients,detection limits,and quantitative limits of the two methods were compared.Results show that both of the two methods have good linear relationships in the range of their respective mass concentration.The recoveries of HPLC-DAD is between 92.20% to 102.80%,the RSD is between 0.77% to 2.00%,the detection limit is 0.05 mg/kg and the quantitative limit is 0.17 mg/kg.The recoveries of GC-FID is between 97.30% to 103.28%,the RSD is between 0.47% to 4.87%,the detection limit is 1.3 mg/kg and the quantitative limit is 5.0 mg/kg.HPLC-DAD method has a lower detection limit and higher sensitivity than GC-FID method,and has more advantages in determining low-content samples. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标