碳量子点在油气田开发中的多功能应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳量子点（carbon quantum dots，CQDs）是一种新颖零维碳纳米材料，表面含有许多反应性官能团（如-OH、-COOH），这些含氧官能团很容易与结垢离子螯合，因此，CQDs具有良好的阻垢能力。此外，CQDs可以通过掺杂氮原子使其与铁的外层（d轨道）形成配位化合物，从而大量吸附在碳钢表面以达到良好的缓蚀效果。在驱油领域，基于CQDs粒径小、良好的界面活性、分散稳定性好、易于表面功能化、化学稳定性和耐温抗盐性强等特征，面对高温、高盐、超低渗透等恶劣条件，CQDs表现出比现有常规硅基纳米材料更大的发展潜力。本文从CQDs的制备出发，综述了近期合成方法的创新和延伸，讨论了其优劣点以及对所得CQDs在构成、构造和性能等方面的影响；并基于CQDs卓越的理化性质，重点介绍了CQDs在油气田开发中的应用，为拓展CQDs更多领域应用提供了参考。

关键词: 碳量子点, 制备方法, 阻垢, 缓蚀, 驱油

Abstract:

Carbon quantum dots （CQDs） are novel zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, which contain many reactive functional groups （such as-OH and-COOH） on the surface. These oxygen-containing functional groups can easily chelate scaling ions, so CQDs have good scale inhibition ability. In addition, CQDs can be doped with nitrogen atoms to form coordination compounds with the outer layer of iron atom （d orbital）, so that a large amount of CQDs can adsorb on the surface of carbon steel, thus achieving good corrosion inhibition effect. Because CQDs have the characteristics of small particle size, good interface activity, good dispersion stability, easy surface functionalization, chemical stability and strong temperature-and salt-resistance, in the field of oil flooding, CQDs show greater development potential than existing conventional silicon-based nanomaterials in the face of harsh conditions such as high temperature, high salinity and ultra-low permeability,. In this review, the recent progress in synthetic methods for preparation of CQDs was summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of these synthetic methods were discussed, as well as their effects on the composition, structure and properties of the CQDs obtained. Based on the excellent physical and chemical properties of CQDs, the application of CQDs in oil and gas field development was emphatically introduced, which could provide a reference for expanding the application of CQDs in more fields.

Key words: carbon quantum dots, preparation method, scale inhibition, corrosion inhibition, flooding

中图分类号:

TQ423

未然,燕永利,贺炳成,刘辉. 碳量子点在油气田开发中的多功能应用研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(2): 216-224.

Ran Wei,Yongli Yan,Bingcheng He,Hui Liu. Research progress of the multifunctional application of carbon quantum dots in oil and gas field development[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(2): 216-224.

图/表 6

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