重组贻贝粘蛋白改善雄激素脱发效果的体外评价及 机制研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过体外实验探究重组贻贝粘蛋白改善雄激素性脱发（AGA）的效果及机制。通过分子量和蛋白含量分析对重组贻贝粘蛋白进行结构表征；考察了不同质量浓度重组贻贝粘蛋白对Ⅱ型5α-还原酶抑制率、人毛发真皮乳头细胞（HDPCs）活力的影响以及在二氢睾酮（DHT）诱导的AGA细胞模型中，考察了炎症因子、生长调节因子（VEGF和HGF）分泌及活性氧（ROS）含量和细胞衰老标志物β-半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-gal）活性的变化，从多维度验证其抗雄激素脱发功效。结果表明，重组贻贝粘蛋白的实测分子量（22 681.366 Da）与理论值高度吻合，且三批原料纯度均超90%，确保了后续功能研究的可靠性。对其功能研究发现，重组贻贝粘蛋白对Ⅱ型5α-还原酶有抑制作用（IC₅₀=1 500 μg/mL），且呈剂量效应关系。此外，在对人毛发真皮乳头细胞（HDPCs）的影响方面，重组贻贝粘蛋白能促进HDPCs细胞增殖并表现为浓度依赖性，且在高浓度下无毒性；进一步研究表明，其通过抑制DHT诱导的ROS生成，减少IL-6和TNF-α等促炎因子释放，同时显著降低SA-β-gal表达，延缓HDPCs细胞早衰，维持其增殖潜力，进而发挥毛发生长促进作用，且在低浓度处理下效果与米诺地尔相当。

关键词: 雄激素性脱发, Ⅱ型5α-还原酶, 毛乳头细胞, 早衰, 毛囊调控

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of recombinant mussel adhesive protein on improving androgenetic alopecia （AGA） through in vitro experiments. The recombinant mussel adhesive protein was structurally characterized through molecular weight and protein content analysis. The effects of different mass concentrations of recombinant mussel mucin on type II 5α-reductase inhibition, human dermal papilla cell （HDPCs） viability were examined, and in the DHT-induced AGA cell model, the changes in inflammation factors, growth regulatory factors （VEGF and HGF） secretion, reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels, and cellular senescence marker β-galactosidase （SA-β-gal） activity were assessed, verifying its anti-androgenetic alopecia efficacy from multiple dimensions. The results show that the measured molecular weight of recombinant mussel adhesive protein （22 681.366 Da） is highly consistent with the theoretical value, and the purity of three batches of raw materials all exceeds 90%, which ensures the reliability of subsequent functional studies. Functional studies on recombinant mussel adhesive protein reveal that it exhibits an inhibitory effect on type II 5α-reductase （IC₅₀ = 1 500 μg/mL） with a dose-dependent relationship. Furthermore, regarding its effect on HDPCs cell, recombinant mussel adhesive protein can promote the proliferation of HDPCs in a concentration-dependent manner without toxicity at high concentrations. Further studies indicate that recombinant mussel adhesive protein exerts a hair growth-promoting effect by inhibiting DHT-induced ROS production, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α, while significantly decreasing the expression of SA-β-gal to delay the premature senescence of HDPCs and maintain their proliferation potential. Notably, the efficacy of recombinant mussel adhesive protein at low concentrations is comparable to that of minoxidil.

Key words: androgenic alopecia, type II 5α-reductase, dermal papilla cells, premature senescence, hair follicle regulation

中图分类号:

TQ658

张秋, 张娅, 王蓉, 侯增淼, 黄文涛, 杨鹭. 重组贻贝粘蛋白改善雄激素脱发效果的体外评价及机制研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(4): 497-504.

Qiu Zhang, Ya Zhang, Rong Wang, Zengmiao Hou, Wentao Huang, Lu Yang. Evaluation of the efficacy of recombinant mussel adhesive protein in improving androgenetic alopecia and study on its mechanism in vitro[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(4): 497-504.

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参考文献 21

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批号	样品称样量/mg	消耗硫酸用量/mL	测得蛋白含量/mg	含量/ %	平均含量/%	RSD/ %
2309Y01	10.83	9.855 0	10.10	93.30	93.42	0.30
	10.36	9.420 0	9.66	93.23
	10.45	9.554 2	9.80	93.74
2309Y02	10.24	9.357 0	9.59	93.69	93.51	0.24
	10.52	9.602 0	9.84	93.58
	10.43	9.487 1	9.73	93.26
2309Y03	10.22	9.332 6	9.57	93.63	93.81	0.32
	10.34	9.495 2	9.74	94.15
	10.51	9.598 9	9.84	93.64

ρ （重组贻贝粘蛋白） /（μg/mL）	II型5α-还原酶抑制率/ %	IC₅₀/ （μg/mL）
200	16.11±1.10	1 500
400	17.09±0.98
800	35.26±2.18
1 000	42.05±2.44
2 000	58.33±3.27

ρ （重组贻贝粘蛋白） / （μg/mL）	相对增殖率/%
ρ （重组贻贝粘蛋白） / （μg/mL）	24 h	48 h	72 h
对照	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±000
10	103.34±4.02	110.01±3.79^*	116.48±4.96^*
30	131.55±2.85^**	118.67±3.89^*	114.16±9.27^*
50	125.96±2.54^**	112.94±8.32^*	105.15±8.69
100	117.09±1.67^*	110.06±9.01^*	104.07±10.82
150	110.63±4.27^*	109.92±7.71^*	105.08±11.50

	HDPCs细胞活力/%
对照	100.00±0.00
DHT	73.21±6.50^#
DHT + 2 000 μg/mL米诺地尔	85.00±3.66^*
DHT + 10 μg/mL重组贻贝粘蛋白	92.52±10.68^**
DHT + 30 μg/mL 重组贻贝粘蛋白	93.00±14.53^**
DHT + 50 μg/mL 重组贻贝粘蛋白	81.92±6.11^*