日用化学工业 ›› 2022, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 585-593.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.06.002
王长运1,郝旸1,樊建茹1,唐文俊1,徐桂云2,范金石1,3,*()
收稿日期:
2022-05-28
出版日期:
2022-06-22
发布日期:
2022-06-22
通讯作者:
范金石
基金资助:
Wang Changyun1,Hao Yang1,Fan Jianru1,Tang Wenjun1,Xu Guiyun2,Fan Jinshi1,3,*()
Received:
2022-05-28
Online:
2022-06-22
Published:
2022-06-22
Contact:
Jinshi Fan
摘要:
淀粉是自然界中的植物储能多糖,由两种分子结构的高分子——直链淀粉和支链淀粉组成,具有天然无毒、可再生、来源广泛、可生物降解等特点,已广泛应用于食品、医药、造纸、化妆品等不同行业领域。但天然原淀粉自身的结构特点和性质也在一定程度上限制了其开发和应用,物理、化学和生物技术改性可赋予淀粉更丰富的分子结构和更多样的功能性质,能极大地提高其应用性能、拓展其应用范围。本文阐述了淀粉的结构、来源以及理化性质、生产方法、改性手段和近期的应用进展情况,并展望了淀粉未来的研究开发方向。
中图分类号:
王长运,郝旸,樊建茹,唐文俊,徐桂云,范金石. 天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅵ)——可直可支的植物储能多糖:淀粉[J]. 日用化学工业, 2022, 52(6): 585-593.
Wang Changyun,Hao Yang,Fan Jianru,Tang Wenjun,Xu Guiyun,Fan Jinshi. Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials (Ⅵ) Straight or branched energy storage polysaccharide from plants: starch[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2022, 52(6): 585-593.
表 1
淀粉的来源"
类别 | 种类 | 含量(干重) |
---|---|---|
禾类 淀粉 | 玉米 | 约68.4%~71.7%,其中直链淀粉约25% |
大米 | 约80.01%~83.97%[ | |
大麦 | 约75%~80%,其中直链淀粉约24.6% | |
小麦 | 约70%~80%,其中直链淀粉约20%~25% | |
燕麦 | 约60%,其中直链淀粉约25.2%~29.4% | |
高粱 | 约52.2%~69.9%,其中直链淀粉约0.89%~2.14%[ | |
黑麦 | 约22%~25%的直链淀粉 | |
薯类 淀粉 | 甘薯 | 约50%~80%,其中直链淀粉约23.3%~26.5% |
马铃薯 | 约66%~80%,其中直链淀粉约17% | |
木薯 | 约70%,其中直链淀粉约0~30% | |
山药 | 约60%~80%,其中直链淀粉约1.4%~50% | |
豆类 淀粉 | 蚕豆 | 约40%~50%,其中直链淀粉约5%~13%[ |
绿豆 | 约50%以上,其中直链淀粉约58%~59%[ | |
豌豆 | 约40%~60%,其中直链淀粉约48.8%~49.6% | |
其他 淀粉 | 香蕉 | 约70%~80%[ |
番茄 | 约65% | |
苹果 | 约44.0%~53.2% |
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