梨果仙人掌籽油化学成分及其抗氧化活性和刺激性的研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以梨果仙人掌籽油为研究对象,通过气-质联用技术（GC-MS）分析其化学成分;以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）、羟自由基、超氧阴离子、总还原力、总抗氧化能力为指标评价其体外抗氧化活性;通过鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜试验和人体重复性开放型涂抹试验评价其刺激性。结果表明,从梨果仙人掌籽油中鉴定出16种质量分数大于0.1%的化合物,占总质量的94.02%。其中质量分数大于1%的有亚油酸（C18∶2） 60.42%、十六酸（C16∶0） 15.20%、硬脂酸（C18∶0） 5.57%、γ-谷甾醇4.34%、亚麻酸（C18∶2） 1.89%、油酸（C18∶1） 1.48%、顺-7-十六碳烯酸（C16∶1） 1.13%。梨果仙人掌籽油具有良好的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子、总还原力和总抗氧化能力各指标的半数清除率IC₅₀分别为5.11,0.79,3.19,1.12和1.49 g/L。鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜试验和人体重复性开放型涂抹试验显示梨果仙人掌籽油无刺激性。

关键词: 梨果仙人掌, 挥发油, 化学成分, 抗氧化性, 刺激性

Abstract:

Taking Opuntia ficus-indica L . seed oil as the research object, its chemical constituents was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The antioxidant activities in vitro of the Opuntia ficus-indica L. seed oil were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, total reductive capacity and total antioxidant capacity as indicators. Its irritancy was evaluated by hen’s egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane and repeated open application test. The results show that 16 compounds with a mass fraction greater than 0.1% are identified from the Opuntia ficus-indica L. seed oil accounting for 94.02% of the total mass. Among them, the mass fraction more than 1%: linoleic acid （C18∶2） 60.42%, hexadecanoic acid （C16∶0） 15.20%, stearic acid （C18∶0） 5.57%, γ-sitosterol 4.34%, linolenic acid （C18∶2） 1.89%, oleic acid （C18∶1） 1.48%, and cis-7-hexadecenoic acid （C16∶1） 1.13%. The Opuntia ficus-indica L . seed oil has strong antioxidant activity capacity, the half clearance rate （IC₅₀） of DPPH free radical, hydroxyl free radical, superoxide anion, total reducing power and total antioxidant capacity are 5.11, 0.79, 3.19, 1.12 and 1.49 g/L, respectively. The hen’s egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane and repeated open application test show that Opuntia ficus-indica L. seed oil is non-irritating.

Key words: Opuntia ficus-indica L., essential oil, chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, irritancy

中图分类号:

TQ658

邹小灵,刘环宇. 梨果仙人掌籽油化学成分及其抗氧化活性和刺激性的研究[J]. 日用化学工业, 2020, 50(1): 32-37.

ZOU Xiao-ling,LIU Huan-yu. Studies on chemical constituents, antioxidant and irritancy of Opuntia ficus-indica L. seed oil[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2020, 50(1): 32-37.

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序号	保留时间/min	名称	化学式	w/%
1	13.68	十四烷酸（C14∶0）	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.15
2	15.65	顺-7-十六碳烯酸（C16∶1）	C₁₆H₃₀O₂	1.13
3	15.95	十六烷酸（C16∶0）	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	15.20
4	18.01	亚油酸（C18∶2）	C₁₈H₃₂O₂	60.42
5	18.19	11-十八碳烯酸（C18∶1）	C₁₈H₃₄O₂	0.22
6	18.30	硬脂酸（C18∶0）	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	5.57
7	18.41	亚麻酸（C18∶2）	C₁₈H₃₂O₂	1.89
8	18.46	油酸（C18∶1）	C₁₈H₃₄O₂	1.48
9	18.91	12,15-十八碳二烯酸（C18∶2）	C₁₈H₃₂O₂	0.10
10	19.98	顺-11-二十碳烯酸（C20∶1）	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	0.67
11	20.04	顺-13-二十碳烯酸（C20∶1）	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	0.39
12	20.22	18-甲基十九烷酸（C19∶0）	C₂₀H₄₀O₂	0.59
13	21.01	2,2'-亚甲基双-（4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚）	C₂₃H₃₂O₂	0.84
14	21.75	芥酸（C22∶1）	C₂₂H₄₂O₂	0.34
15	26.61	菜油甾醇	C₂₈H₄₈O	0.69
16	27.16	γ-谷甾醇	C₂₉H₅₀O	4.34

ρ/（g·L^-1）	清除率/%
ρ/（g·L^-1）	梨果仙人掌籽油	V_E
0.625	33.51	4.37
1.25	37.89	8.78
2.5	43.93	17.58
5	51.67	21.07
10	66.17	36.32
20	92.53	63.80

ρ/（g·L^-1）	清除率/%
ρ/（g·L^-1）	梨果仙人掌籽油	V_E
0.1	10.81	3.68
0.2	20.30	6.40
0.4	35.85	10.99
0.8	60.64	21.48
1.6	82.52	30.79

ρ/（g·L^-1）	清除率/%
ρ/（g·L^-1）	梨果仙人掌籽油	V_E
0.625	17.26	10.73
1.25	34.04	20.26
2.5	52.44	35.53
5	74.36	54.32
10	100.00	78.09

ρ/（g·L^-1）	吸光度
ρ/（g·L^-1）	梨果仙人掌籽油	V_E
0.1	0.061	0.024
0.5	0.215	0.181
1	0.482	0.401
1.5	0.680	0.593
2	0.878	0.788
2.5	1.058	0.934