非对称Gemini离子液体表面活性剂的制备及表面活性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Asymmetrical Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants,[C_nIMC₃N₁₁_n][Br]₂（n=10, 12, 14, 16）, were prepared with imidazole, bromoalkane, 1,3-dibromopropane and long-chain alkyl N,N-dimethyl tertiary amine as raw materials through substitution reaction and quaternization reaction, respectively. The chemical structures of these Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants were characterized and identified by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and elemental analysis. The Kraff points were determined and it was found that the Krafft points gradually increased as the hydrophobic chain length increased. Surface activities of[C_nIMC₃N₁₁_n][Br]₂ were measured by Wilhelmy plate method. The results show that[C_nIMC₃N₁₁_n][Br]₂ display good surface active performance. The values of γ_cmc of [C_nIMC₃N₁₁_n][Br]₂ are approximately 35 mN/m and those of cmc are between 10 ^-4 mol/L and 10 ^-3 mol/L, which are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the traditional cationic surfactants. The values of cmc and counterion binding degree（β）were determined by electrical conductivity method. The cmc values measured by conductivity method were slightly higher than that measured by Wilhelmy plate method, indicating the existence of nonsurface-active premicellar aggregates. Meanwhile, cmc values increase and β values decrease as the temperature increases because of the reduction of the ability to form micelles and the stability of the formed micelles.

Key words: Gemini surfactants, ionic liquid, preparation, surface activity

CLC Number:

TQ423.12

YANG Xu-zhao,WANG Jun,FANG Yun. Synthesis and surface activities of asymmetrical Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 49(5): 279-285.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 17

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表面活性剂	Krafft点/ ℃
[C₁₀IMC₃N₁₁₁₀][Br]₂	<0
[C₁₂IMC₃N₁₁₁₂][Br]₂	5
[C₁₄IMC₃N₁₁₁₄][Br]₂	12
[C₁₆IMC₃N₁₁₁₆][Br]₂	23

表面活性剂	cmc/（mmol·L^-1）	γ_cmc/（mN·m^-1）	Γ_max/（μmol·m^-2）	A_min/nm²	pc₂₀
[C₁₀IMC₃N₁₁₁₀][Br]₂	4.693	32.77	1.29	1.287	3.35
[C₁₂IMC₃N₁₁₁₂][Br]₂	0.710	34.73	1.16	1.432	4.24
[C₁₄IMC₃N₁₁₁₄][Br]₂	0.115	35.12	1.09	1.523	5.14
[C₁₆IMC₃N₁₁₁₆][Br]₂	0.015	35.79	1.05	1.582	5.61

表面活性剂	35 ℃			45 ℃
表面活性剂	cmc/（mmol·L^-1）	α	β	cmc/（mmol·L^-1）	α	β
[C₁₀IMC₃N₁₁₁₀][Br]₂	6.211	0.315	0.685	6.366	0.401	0.599
[C₁₂IMC₃N₁₁₁₂][Br]₂	0.815	0.320	0.680	0.827	0.393	0.607
[C₁₄IMC₃N₁₁₁₄][Br]₂	0.114	0.328	0.672	0.123	0.384	0.616
[C₁₆IMC₃N₁₁₁₆][Br]₂	0.013	0.384	0.616	0.017	0.477	0.523

Synthesis and surface activities of asymmetrical Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants

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