当期目录

2014年, 第44卷, 第4期　刊出日期：2014-04-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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乙氧基化氧化胺和磺基甜菜碱的合成与性能研究 Synthesis and properties of ethoxylated sulfobetaine and ethoxylated amine oxide 张会念, 侯丽雅, 刘雪锋 2014 (4):  181-185.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.041 摘要 ( 245 )   PDF(888KB) ( 455 )   以N-十二醇聚氧乙烯醚(3)基-N,N-二甲基叔胺分别与H2O2、丙磺酰内酯反应,获得了在疏水碳链与亲水基团之间嵌插有聚氧乙烯片段的乙氧基化氧化胺(C12EO3AO)和磺基甜菜碱(C12EO3SBe)。吊环法测得在25 ℃时C12EO3AO和C12EO3SBe的cmc分别为6.03×10-5和7.80×10-5 mol·L-1;与结构相近的十二烷基二甲基氧化胺(C12AO)和十二烷基二甲基磺基甜菜碱(C12SBe)相比,C12EO3AO和C12EO3SBe的cmc各自降低约1个数量级,其耐盐和耐硬水性能未有明显提高,但是钙皂分散力、发泡和润湿性能明显增强。 Ethoxylated (3) N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl amine oxide (C12EO3AO) and ethoxylated (3) sulfobetaine (C12EO3SBe) were synthesized by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl polyoxyethylene (3) amine with H2O2 and 1,3-propanesultone respectively.The cmc of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe was measured by Du Nouy ring method as 6.03×10-5 and 7.80×10-5 mol·L-1 respectively,at 25 ℃.Comparing to compounds with similar chemical structure dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (C12AO) and dodecyl dimethyl sulfobetaine (C12SBe),the cmc of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe is one order of magnitude lowered.The salt tolerance and the resistance to hard water of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe are similar to that of C12AO and C12SBe.However,the foaming power,wetting power and lime soap dispersing power of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe are enhanced significantly. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成正己酸正丁酯及其动力学研究 Synthesis and kinetics of butyl hexanoate catalyzed by H3PW12O40/PANI 李祥, 丁斌, 郝凤岭, 关昶, 王海东, 刘群 2014 (4):  186-189.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.042 摘要 ( 219 )   PDF(773KB) ( 324 )   以磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺(H3PW12O40/PANI)为催化剂,正己酸和正丁醇为原料合成正己酸正丁酯。考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应转化率的影响,以及催化剂的重复使用性能,并测定了动力学数据。结果表明较佳反应条件为:n(正丁醇)∶n(正己酸)=4∶1,H3PW12O40/PANI的用量为正丁醇和正己酸总质量的8%,在温度不高于126 ℃条件下反应5 h。较佳反应条件下正己酸的转化率为98.88%;在此条件下进行重现,转化率稳定在98.46%以上;催化剂使用4次后,正己酸的转化率为97.97%。反应总级数为二级,表观活化能为21.87 kJ·mol-1,指前因子为1.636 L·mol-1·min-1。 Synthesis of butyl hexanoate from hexanoic acid and n-butanol on H3PW12O40/PANI was studied.Effects of reaction conditions,such as molar ratio of n-butanol to hexanoic acid,catalyst dosage and reaction time as well as the reusability of the catalyst were investigated.The kinetic data of this system were measured in a batch reactor.The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as:n(n-butanol)∶n(hexanoic acid)=4∶1;H3PW12O40/PANI dosage,8% of the total mass of n-butanol and hexanoic acid;reaction time,5 h at temperature less than 126 ℃.The results showed that conversion of hexanoic acid can reach 98.88%;the conversion rate in the repeated operation remains above 98.46%;activity of the catalyst remains at 97.97% conversion after reuse of 4 times.The synthesis of butyl hexanoate is a second-order reaction on H3PW12O40/PANI.The apparent activation energy is 21.87 kJ·mol-1,and the pre-exponential factor is 1.636 L·mol-1·min-1. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(Ⅳ)——表面活性剂的囊泡及其应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅳ) Surfactant vesicles and their applications 赵莉, 徐宝财 2014 (4):  190-195.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.043 摘要 ( 454 )   PDF(1515KB) ( 551 )   首先简单介绍了表面活性剂囊泡的结构和形成,列出了常见的表面活性剂囊泡体系,重点阐述了囊泡的基本性质和目前常用的研究手段,最后综述了表面活性剂囊泡在改变反应微环境、制备纳米材料以及药物运载等几个方面的应用。 Firstly,the structures and formation of vesicles were presented,and then surfactant vesicle systems that commonly appear were introduced.The basic properties of vesicle systems and regular measures used in research work with respect to vesicle systems were expounded.Finally,the applications of surfactant vesicles in changing reaction microenvironment,preparation of nano-materials and as drug carrier were summarized. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚基三阳离子季铵盐的合成及其性能 Synthesis and performance of tri-quaternary ammonium salt with ethoxy-fatty alcohol group 王雷雷, 王渊, 薛永强, 崔子祥, 王敏 2014 (4):  196-199.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.044 摘要 ( 269 )   PDF(800KB) ( 458 )   首先以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚与金属钠反应生成醇钠,醇钠与环氧氯丙烷发生亲核取代反应生成脂肪醇聚氧乙烯甘油醚,然后五甲基二乙烯三胺在酸性条件下与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯甘油醚反应生成脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚基三阳离子季铵盐。通过红外光谱对目标产物作了定性分析,并对目标产物的水溶性、临界胶束浓度、表面张力、泡沫性能等进行了测定。结果表明:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚基三阳离子季铵盐具有较大的溶解度,较高的表面活性;其起泡性能和稳泡性基本不受温度影响,pH虽对其起泡性能影响不大,但对泡沫稳定性有一定影响;其在硬水中具有良好的稳定性。 Firstly,sodium alkoxide was prepared by fatty alcohol ethoxylate and metal sodium,and polyethoxy glyceride was formed by sodium alkoxide and epoxy chloropropane.Then the tri-quaternary ammonium salt was obtained by the reaction of polyethoxy glyceride with pentamethyldiethylenetriamine under acidic condition.Structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR),and its properties such as solubility,critical micelle concentration,surface tension and foam performance were measured.The results showed:the tri-quaternary ammonium salt has good solubility and high surface activity.Temperature has no virtual effect on its foaming properties and foaming stability.Condition pH has no big influence on foaming properties of the product,but its foaming stability is rather influenced by pH.The product shows good stability in hard water. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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氢氧化钠对重烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液/油体系界面张力的影响 Effect of NaOH on interfacial tension between heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates aqueous solution and oil 刘必心, 侯吉瑞, 张宁 2014 (4):  200-203.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.045 摘要 ( 244 )   PDF(883KB) ( 486 )   以不含酸的正壬烷作为油相,研究了氢氧化钠用量对重烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液/油体系界面张力的影响。界面张力测试结果表明,界面张力随氢氧化钠质量分数的增加而降低,当重烷基苯磺酸钠的质量分数为0.3%且氢氧化钠质量分数为0.8%时,油/水界面张力可以达到超低(10-3 mN·m-1数量级)。利用动态光散射实验,研究了氢氧化钠对降低界面张力的影响,氢氧化钠的加入可以使水溶性较差的重烷基苯磺酸转化成重烷基苯磺酸根,并且从混合胶束中释放出来,更多的表面活性剂单体迁移到界面,有利于界面张力的进一步降低。 Using acid-free nonane as oil phase,experiments were conducted to study the effect of NaOH dosage on the interfacial tension of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates aqueous solution/oil system.Interfacial tension test results showed that,the interfacial tension decreases with increase of NaOH mass fraction.When the mass fraction of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates is 0.3% and the mass fraction of NaOH is 0.8%,the oil-water interfacial tension could achieve an ultra low value (10-3 mN·m-1 order of magnitude).Using dynamic light scattering experiments,the effect of NaOH on reduction of interfacial tension were examined.NaOH could turn the heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acids that has poor water solubility into heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates,and more surfactant molecules could be released from the mixed micelles and migrate to the interface,which is favorable to further reduction of the interfacial tension. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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编码正交设计在优化聚酯瓶清洗工艺中的应用 Application of coded orthogonal test design in optimization of cleaning process of PET bottles 刘旭峰, 郭俊旺 2014 (4):  204-207.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.046 摘要 ( 261 )   PDF(775KB) ( 507 )   在优化聚酯瓶清洗工艺中采用编码正交设计方法安排实验,根据清洗剂中各组分(AES,AEO9和NaOH)的质量浓度及操作温度对清洗时间的影响,通过线性回归,分析各因素单项、交互作用项及平方项对实验结果的影响。根据P值(出现的概率)可以看出:z2 (AEO9的质量浓度)非常重要,其次是z1 (AES的质量浓度)和z1′ (AES质量浓度的平方),再次项包括z4 (温度),z1z2,z2z4和z3z4 (NaOH的质量浓度和温度的交互作用)。由于交互项和平方项对清洗时间的影响是通过控制单一因素实现的,需要关注的参数顺序为:AEO9的质量浓度、AES的质量浓度、温度和NaOH的质量浓度。通过对回归方程进行规划求解,得出最佳工艺条件:AES的质量浓度为4.0 g·L-1,AEO9的质量浓度为6.9 g·L-1,NaOH的质量浓度为12.8 g·L-1,温度为35.5 ℃,预测的最小时间约为5 s。 Laboratory tests were organized by adopting coded orthogonal test design.Based upon effects of mass concentration of each components (AES,AEO9 and NaOH) in the cleaning agent as well as the operating temperature,via linear regression,effects of all single factor items,interaction items as well as all square items were studied.The P value of the regression results showed that z2 (AEO9 mass concentration) is the most important one,followed by z1 (AES mass concentration),z1′ (the square of AES mass concentration),z4 (temperature),z1z2,z2z4 and z3z4 (the interaction between NaOH mass concentration and temperature).Since all interaction items and square items influence the cleaning performance via single items,the sequence of importance is AEO9 mass concentration,AES mass concentration,temperature and NaOH mass concentration.The optimization of the regression equation indicated that the optimized conditions are:AES 4.0 g·L-1,AEO9 6.9 g·L-1,NaOH 12.8 g·L-1,and temperature 35.5 ℃,and the predicted cleaning time is about 5 s. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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皂基洁面膏的配方研究 Study of formulation of soap base face cleanser 何秋星, 张智萍, 林浩秀, 李耀钊, 谢志辉 2014 (4):  208-213.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.047 摘要 ( 484 )   PDF(832KB) ( 646 )   研究了皂基洁面膏中脂肪酸种类、脂肪酸含量、中和度及操作工艺等因素在配方设计中的影响,通过样品的外观、泡沫、铺展性等感官评价和SK-IV数字皮肤水分油分检测仪测定其脱脂性,综合评价各因素对脱脂力的影响,确定皂基洁面膏的配方,为皂基洁面膏的开发提供理论依据。实验结果表明,皂基洁面膏配方应以肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸为主,总脂肪酸质量分数为30%;中和度为82%;甘油和丙二醇复配;表面活性剂AES和CAB质量分数分别为2%和6%;乳化剂采用单硬脂酸甘油酯,质量分数为1%;在85 ℃下皂化1 h,慢速自然冷却即可得到最佳样品。 The influencing factors in formula design of soap base face cleanser,such as the varieties of fatty acids,fatty acid content,neutralization degree and operation process were studied.By means of the sensory evaluation of appearance,foam,spreading performance as well as the degreasing performance measured with SK-IV digital skin moisture oil detector,the various factors that influencing the quality of face cleanser product were comprehensively assessed.Then the formulation of the face cleanser product was identified and the formulation provides the theoretical basis of the development of the product.Laboratory test results showed that soap base face cleanser formula should be based on myristic acid and stearic acid as main materials,and total fatty acid content is 30%;the neutralization degree is 82%;glycerin and propylene glycol are to be blended;content of surfactants AES and CAB is 2% and 6% respectively;emulsifier is monoglycerides,with dosage of 1%;saponification time is 1 h under 85 ℃.After the slow natural cooling,the best product could be obtained. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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葡萄籽油对洗发香波性能的影响 Influence of addition grape seed oil on performance of shampoo 李雪峰, 胡亚莉, 欧阳玉祝 2014 (4):  214-217.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.048 摘要 ( 332 )   PDF(812KB) ( 356 )   通过测定失水率、过氧化值和羟基自由基清除率考察了添加葡萄籽油香波的保湿性能、抗氧化性能和羟基自由基清除能力。结果表明:2 g香波中添加6 mL葡萄籽油后,30 ℃恒温12 h,其保湿性提高了19.56%;分别用紫外光照射和45 ℃加热5 h,洗发香波中添加葡萄籽油的过氧化值比未添加小22.34%和25.54%;羟基自由基清除率是未添加的5.08倍。 Moisturizing properties,antioxidant activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of shampoo with addition grape seed oil were investigated through measuring water loss ratio,peroxide value and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ratio.Results showed that moisture retention of 2 g of shampoo adding 6 mL of grape seed oil at 30 ℃ heating for 12 h increases 19.56% in comparison with that no grape seed oil added.The peroxide value of the shampoo added grape seed oil decreases 22.34% and 25.54% in comparison with that no addition of grape seed oil under ultraviolet ray irradiation and 45 ℃ heating for 5 h respectively.The hydroxyl free radical scavenging ratio of shampoo added grape seed oil is 5.08 times in comparison with that no addition. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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落叶松中花旗松素对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用 Inhibitory effect of taxifolin in Larix olgensis on tyrosinase 付警辉, 柴婧, 韩佳彤, 刘文丛 2014 (4):  218-221.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.049 摘要 ( 311 )   PDF(816KB) ( 439 )   以L-多巴为底物,熊果苷和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)为阳性对照,研究了长白落叶松花旗松素对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用,并与兴安落叶松花旗松素进行了对比。结果表明,质量浓度在0.001~0.01 g·L-1时,长白落叶松花旗松素对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用高于兴安落叶松花旗松素。长白落叶松花旗松素,低质量浓度时,纯度越高,对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用越强;高质量浓度时,纯度越高,抑制作用越弱。长白落叶松花旗松素对酪氨酸酶表现为竞争性抑制,抑制常数KI=0.017。 Taking L-DOPA as substrate,arbutin and BHT as positive controls,the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of the taxifolin in Larix olgensis was studied and compared with that in Larix gmelini.Results showed that,when the mass concentration of taxifolin is 0.001-0.01 g·L-1,the inhibitory effect of taxifolin in Larix olgensis is higher than that in Larix gmelini on tyrosinase.For Larix olgensis,under low mass concentration range condition,the higher purity of taxifolin,the stronger inhibitory effect on tyrosinase;while under high mass concentration range condition,the higher purity of taxifolin,the weaker inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.Taxifolin in Larix olgensis shows competitive inhibition mechanism for tyrosinase with an inhibition constant KI of 0.017. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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多重结构乳状液的研究进展 Progress in research work with respect to multiple emulsions 李芳芳, 贾红娇, 田永红, 张婉萍 2014 (4):  222-225.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.050 摘要 ( 397 )   PDF(1010KB) ( 643 )   总结了多重结构乳状液在结构类型、制备方法、不稳定性机理方面的研究现状,结合多重结构乳状液的配方和制备工艺,归纳了乳化剂、油水比、温度、搅拌速度、无机盐和流变调节剂对多重结构稳定性的影响,概括了其在食品、药品和化妆品方面的应用。随着对多重结构稳定性的理论和技术的研究发展,多重结构乳状液将广泛应用于各种领域中。 Status of research work with respect to structure,preparation method and instability mechanism of multiple emulsions were summarized.In connection with the formulation and preparation technologies,effects of kinds of the emulsifier,oil to water ratio,temperature,stirring speed,inorganic salt and rheological adjusting agent on the stability of the multiple emulsions were summed up.Applications of multiple emulsions in food,medicine and cosmetic fields were briefed.With the theoretical and technological development of enhancing the stability of the structure of multiple emulsions,the multiple emulsions could be widely used in various fields. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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皮肤脂质成分分析方法研究进展 Progress in research work with respect to analysis method for composition of skin lipids 王琪, 刘向慧, 贾小凡, 宋丽雅, 贾焱, 何聪芬 2014 (4):  226-230.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.051 摘要 ( 368 )   PDF(812KB) ( 560 )   综述了皮肤脂质的来源和主要组成成分,并对这些成分赋予皮肤的重要功能,如皮肤屏障、保湿等做了简要描述。概述了几种分析鉴定皮肤脂质组成成分的方法,提出了目前皮肤表面脂质潜在的研究方向,以期为开发针对皮肤脂质分泌过剩或不足所引起皮肤问题的护肤用品和头发护理产品提供理论基础。 Source and main components of skin lipids were summarized.Meanwhile,important functions endowed by the skin lipids to human skin,such as skin barrier,moisturizing et al were briefed.Several methods for analysis and appraisal of composition of skin lipids were presented.Current potential research work orientations with respect to skin lipids was put forwarded in order to provide theoretical basis for development of skincare and/or hair care products to help the resolution of problems caused by hypersecretion and/or hyposecretion of skin lipids. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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化妆品中甲醛毒性的发光细菌测定法研究 Determination of toxicity of formaldehyde in cosmetics by the method using luminescent bacteria Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 张林, 张鹏, 邹勇平, 周元元, 王磊, 傅芳芳, 赵渝 2014 (4):  231-233.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.052 摘要 ( 246 )   PDF(764KB) ( 326 )   以发光细菌(青海弧菌Q67)作为检测活体检测化妆品中甲醛的毒性。通过检测发现随着甲醛质量浓度的升高和作用时间的延长,青海弧菌Q67的相对发光强度逐渐降低;作用时间在15 min时,甲醛对青海弧菌Q67的效应拟合曲线线性较好,甲醛对青海弧菌Q67的半效应浓度为0.033 g·L-1;甲醛对青海弧菌Q67的最低检测限为0.01 g·L-1。 Luminescent bacteria Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 was used as detection living body to assess the toxicity of formaldehyde in cosmetics.Via the determination test,it was found that following the increase of mass concentration of formaldehyde as well as the extension of action time,the relative luminous intensity of Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 reduces gradually.Results showed that when the action time is 15 min,the fitting curve for effect of formaldehyde on Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 displays better linearity.The half-efficient concentration value is 0.033 g·L-1.The low detection limit value is 0.01 g·L-1. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中腺苷的含量 A high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of adenosine in cosmetics 于海英, 黄萍, 李启艳, 董蓬, 李俊婕 2014 (4):  234-236.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.053 摘要 ( 342 )   PDF(785KB) ( 380 )   建立了一种高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中腺苷的方法。采用饱和氯化钠溶液作为提取溶剂,超声提取,以高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测化妆品中的腺苷。结果显示,腺苷溶液在0.388 3～64.72 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r＝1.000 0,检出限为0.000 1%;腺苷在霜类和乳液2种基质中回收率分别为92.3%～94.6%和95.4%～98.8%,日内和日间精密度(RSD)分别为0.9%和2.4%。 A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of adenosine in cosmetics was established.Cosmetic samples were extracted with saturated NaCl aqueous solution as solvent under assistance of ultrasonic wave,and the adenosine was detected by HPLC-diode array detector.Results showed that as the mass concentration of adenosine solution ranges within 0.388 3-64.72 mg·L-1,the peak area vs.mass concentration shows good linearity with correlation coefficient r=1.000 0.The limit of detection is 0.000 1%.The recovery of adenosine in two kinds of base material,cream base and emulsion liquid base is 92.3%-94.6% and 95.4%-98.8% respectively.The intra- and inter-day precisions are 0.9% and 2.4% respectively. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标