7种植物精油对糠秕马拉色菌抑制效果比较及樟树精油抑菌作用研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过比较7种精油的抗糠秕马拉色菌活性，筛选作用效果最佳的植物精油并进一步分析其对糠秕马拉色菌的抑制作用。采用K-B纸片扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法筛选抑菌作用效果最佳的植物精油，同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对效果最佳的植物精油的挥发性成分进行鉴定，进一步对其主要化学成分与抗糠秕马拉色菌活性进行相关性分析，然后利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察糠秕马拉色菌形态变化，最后采用流式细胞术检测其对糠秕马拉色菌细胞凋亡的影响。结果表明樟树精油抗糠秕马拉色菌的活性强于其他6种精油；GC-MS共鉴定出14个化学成分且抗糠秕马拉色菌活性来源于3-蒈烯、松油烯-4-醇、α-松油烯、异松油烯；SEM显示樟树精油使糠秕马拉色菌细胞轻度损伤，局部细胞膜凹陷；TEM显示樟树精油使糠秕马拉色菌质壁分离，胞内基质变淡；樟树精油会使糠秕马拉色菌凋亡明显增加。综上，樟树精油对糠秕马拉色菌作用效果显著，其可通过破坏菌体细胞壁与细胞膜，实现其抑菌效果。

关键词: 樟树精油, 糠秕马拉色菌, 扫描电镜, 透射电镜, 凋亡

Abstract:

By comparing the inhibitory activities of seven essential oils against Malassezia furfur, the most effective ones were selected and further analyzed. The essential oils with the best antibacterial effects were determined by K-B disk diffusion method and broth microdilution method. In addition, the volatile components of the essential oils with the best antibacterial effects were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and further correlation analysis was performed between the main chemical components and the activity against Malassezia furfur. Then, the morphological changes of Malassezia furfur were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Finally, the effect of Malassezia furfur on cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that, Cinnamomum camphora essential oil was more active against Malassezia furfur than the essential oils from Osmanthus fragrans, Citrus limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Citrus bergamia. A total of 14 chemical components were identified by GC-MS, and the inhibitory activity against Malassezia furfur was derived from 3-carene, terpinene-4-ol, α-terpinene, terpinolene; SEM showed that Cinnamomum camphora essential oil caused mild damage to the cells of Malassezia furfur, and the local cell membrane was depressed; TEM showed that Cinnamomum camphora essential oil caused the plasmolysis of Malassezia furfur, and the intracellular matrix was lightened. Cinnamomum camphora essential oil significantly increased the apoptosis of Malassezia furfur. In conclusion, Cinnamomum camphora essential oil has a significant inhibitory effect against Malassezia furfur by destroying the cell wall and cell membrane.

Key words: Cinnamomum camphora essential oil, Malassezia furfur, SEM, TEM, apoptosis

中图分类号:

TQ658

何园,李自强,孙伟杰,马淑梅,刘莉. 7种植物精油对糠秕马拉色菌抑制效果比较及樟树精油抑菌作用研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2022, 52(11): 1202-1207.

He Yuan,Li Ziqiang,Sun Weijie,Ma Shumei,Liu Li. Inhibitory effects of seven plant essential oils against Malassezia furfur and the antimicrobial mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2022, 52(11): 1202-1207.

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精油	抑菌圈直径/mm	最低抑菌浓度MIC/（μL/mL）
樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）	15.58±1.26	8
桂花（Osmanthus fragrans）	12.79±0.57	32
柠檬（Citrus limon）	15.51±0.89	16
薰衣草（Lavandula angustifolia）	11.04±1.12	32
迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis）	10.94±0.89	32
茶树（Melaleuca alternifolia）	10.03±0.03	32
佛手柑（Citrus bergamia）	9.73±0.15	64

化合物序号	化合物	分子式	保留时间/min	相对含量/%
1	莰烯（Camphene）	C₁₀H₁₆	4.002	1.7
2	3-蒈烯（3-Carene）	C₁₀H₁₆	4.101	6.56
3	桧烯（Sabinene）	C₁₀H₁₆	4.532	11.43
6	柠烯（Cinene）	C₁₀H₁₆	5.004	2.26
7	α-松油烯（α-Terpinene）	C₁₀H₁₆	5.136	3.98
8	1，8-桉叶油素（1，8-Eucalyptol）	C₁₀H₁₈O	5.217	48.02
9	γ-松油烯（γ-Terpinene）	C₁₀H₁₆	5.471	0.88
10	异松油烯（Terpinolene）	C₁₀H₁₆	5.846	3.11
11	芳樟醇（Linalool）	C₁₀H₁₈O	6.723	0.95
12	松油烯-4-醇（Terpinen-4-ol）	C₁₀H₁₈O	6.851	4.58
13	α-松油醇（α-Terpineol）	C₁₀H₁₈O	6.995	10.15
14	石竹烯（Caryophyllene）	C₁₅H₂₄	9.304	1.75
15	α-律草烯（α-Humulene）	C₁₅H₂₄	9.658	0.76
16	香树烯（Alloaromadendrene）	C₁₅H₂₄	9.995	1.09

单体	抑菌圈直径/mm
3-蒈烯（3-Carene）	24.18±0.65
松油烯-4-醇（Terpinen-4-ol）	41.54±1.79
α-松油烯（α-Terpinene）	16.29±0.23
异松油烯（Terpinolene）	37.18±1.91

组别	凋亡百分数/%
对照组	1.82±0.24
1 MIC	3.94±0.91^*
2 MIC	5.31±0.82^**