醇醚硫酸盐 （AEnS） 泡排剂的应用与机理探究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气井在开采后期经常会因液体积聚而堵塞采气通道，对后续开采工作造成不利后果。这些不良条件（例如高凝析油含量、高温和高盐度）通常会影响起泡剂的性能。本研究采用与现场处理方法相似的气流法筛选表面活性剂，其中具有不同聚氧乙烯醚（EO）的醇醚硫酸盐（AE_nS）在液体携液率和泡沫稳定性方面表现出色。在80 °C下，高质量浓度NaCl溶液（200 g/L）和高体积分数（20%）凝析油中，具有2个EO单元的AE_nS（AE₂S）携液率达到了84%。通过相同温度下测量的动态表面张力和界面张力分析了扩散速率和界面特性对AE_nS泡沫的影响，而黏度和液膜厚度则反映了泡沫的机械强度和携液能力。此外，透射电子显微镜（TEM）发现，AE₂S在高质量浓度NaCl溶液中形成了“树枝状”的胶束聚集体，显著提高了泡沫的黏度和稳定性。利用分子动力学分析了AE_nS、NaCl和H₂O之间的相互作用，从分子力学角度证实了这三者之间能够形成稳定结构，从而有助于泡沫稳定性。这些结果证明了AE₂S泡沫在气井排水采气领域具有巨大潜力。

关键词: 醇醚硫酸盐表面活性剂, 气井排液, 携液率, 分子动力学模拟

Abstract:

Gas wells often encounter blockages in gas recovery channels owing to fluid accumulation during the later stages of extraction, which adversely affects subsequent recovery efforts. These undesirable conditions (e.g., high condensate content, high temperature, and high salinity)often affect foaming agent performance. In this study, surfactants were screened using an airflow method that closely resembles field treatment method. Notably, alcohol ether sulfates(AE_nS)with various polyoxyethylene(EO)units demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of liquid unloading efficiency and foam stability. At 80 ℃, the unloading efficiency of AE_nS with two EO units (AE₂S) in a high NaCl mass concentration (up to 200 g/L) and high condensate volume fraction (up to 20%) reached 84%. The dynamic surface tension and interfacial tension measured at the same temperature were used to analyze the influence of the diffusion rate and interfacial characteristics on the AE_nS foam, while the viscosity and liquid film thickness measurements reflected the mechanical strength and liquid-carrying capacity. In addition, transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed that AE₂S formed “dendritic” micellar aggregates at a high NaCl mass concentration, which significantly enhanced the viscosity and stability of the foam. The interactions among AE_nS, NaCl, and H₂O were analyzed using molecular dynamics, and it was confirmed from a molecular mechanics perspective that a stable structure can form among the three, contributing to the foam stability. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of the AE₂S foam for gas well deliquification.

Key words: alcohol ether sulfates surfactant, gas well deliquification, liquid unloading efficiency, molecular dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

TQ423

唐海涌, 霍月青, 李恩泽, 曹圣悌, 高春新, 冀创新, 刘晓臣. 醇醚硫酸盐（AE_nS）泡排剂的应用与机理探究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(1): 28-40.

Haiyong Tang, Yueqing Huo, Enze Li, Shengti Cao, Chunxin Gao, Chuangxin Ji, Xiaochen Liu. Excellent temperature/salt resistant foam by alcohol ether sulfates（AE_nS）for gas well deliquification[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(1): 28-40.

图/表 18

参考文献 36

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AE_nS	ρ （NaCl）/（g/L）	k_t _→₀/（mN/（m·s^1/2））	D_t _→₀	k_t _→_∞/（mN/（m·s^-1/2））	D_t _→_∞	D_t _→_∞/D_t _→₀
AE₂S	0	-28.04	2.42×10^-12	3.62	2.88×10^-14	1.19×10^-2
	100	-17.70	9.64×10^-13	24.63	6.24×10^-16	6.47×10^-4
	200	-26.66	2.19×10^-12	21.36	8.30×10^-16	3.79×10^-4
AE₅S	0	-21.44	1.41×10^-12	2.78	4.88×10^-14	3.45×10^-2
	100	-59.57	1.09×10^-11	3.86	2.54×10^-14	2.3×10^-3
	200	-28.08	2.43×10^-12	18.85	1.07×10^-15	4.40×10^-4
AE₇S	0	-19.40	1.16×10^-12	2.47	6.19×10^-14	5.35×10^-2
	100	-49.53	7.55×10^-12	3.40	3.28×10^-14	4.34×10^-3
	200	-47.26	6.87×10^-12	12.83	2.30×10^-15	3.35×10^-4

ρ （NaCl）/ （g/L）	σ （AE₂S）/ （mN/m）	σ （AE₅S）/ （mN/m）	σ （AE₇S）/ （mN/m）
0	2.40	3.40	3.70
100	0.50	0.69	0.75
200	0.05	0.08	0.07

ρ （NaCl）/（g/L）	Pixel（AE₂S）	Pixel（AE₅S）	Pixel（AE₇S）
0	8→7→5	12→8→6	12→ 8→7
100	18→9→8	15→9→7	14→ 9→6
200	11→9→8	10→9→6	12→10→8

N（NaCl）	AE_nS	Position of the first characteristic peak/?	Number of binding water in the first hydration layer	Position of the second characteristic peak/?
0	AE₂S	2.435	0.839 5	3.975
	AE₅S	2.375	0.856 2	4.125
	AE₇S	2.425	0.847 8	4.025
30	AE₂S	2.425	0.838 2	3.975
	AE₅S	2.375	0.821 1	4.125
	AE₇S	2.375	0.776 3	4.125
60	AE₂S	2.425	0.819 4	4.025
	AE₅S	2.425	0.802 9	4.225
	AE₇S	2.375	0.802 4	4.075

N（NaCl）	Position/?
N（NaCl）	AE₂S	AE₅S	AE₇S
0	2.075	2.025	2.925
30	2.025	1.925	2.075
60	1.975	1.975	1.975