油气田开采垢下腐蚀的形成机制及其防护技术研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

垢下腐蚀（Under‐deposit corrosion，UDC）因“隐蔽性强、演变快、破坏性大”而成为油气生产设施完整性管理的关键难题。其形成机制涉及电化学、微生物及物理屏障等多重因素的耦合作用。文章系统综述了垢下腐蚀的演变历程、作用机理及其主要影响因素，重点分析了垢层类型、电化学行为、微生物活动及环境参数对腐蚀过程的协同影响。在此基础上，总结了当前常用的阻垢剂与缓蚀剂等防护技术的应用现状与作用机制，并探讨了其在实际工况中的适用性与局限性。最后对未来垢下腐蚀防护研究的发展方向提出了展望，旨在为油气田腐蚀控制提供理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 油气田开采, 垢下腐蚀, 形成机制, 防腐技术, 缓蚀剂

Abstract:

Under-deposit corrosion （UDC） is a critical challenge in the integrity management of oil and gas production facilities because it is hidden, rapid-evolving and highly destructive. Its formation mechanism involves the interplay of multiple factors, including electrochemical, microbial, and physical barrier effects. In this review, the evolution process, mechanisms, and main influencing factors of under-deposit corrosion were systematically summarized. The synergistic effects of deposit types, electrochemical behavior, microbial activity, and environmental parameters on the corrosion process were analyzed. On this basis, the current status of application and the mechanisms were summarized for commonly used protection technologies such as scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors, as well as their applicability and limitations in practical working conditions. Finally, the future research directions for preventing under-deposit corrosion were proposed, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for corrosion control in oil and gas fields.

Key words: oil and gas field development, under-deposit corrosion, formation mechanism, anti-corrosion technology, corrosion inhibitor

中图分类号:

TE988.2

白小勇, 李楷, 杨乐, 刘顶将, 吴春生, 燕永利. 油气田开采垢下腐蚀的形成机制及其防护技术研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(4): 505-517.

Xiaoyong Bai, Kai Li, Le Yang, Dingjiang Liu, Chunsheng Wu, Yongli Yan. Research progress on the formation mechanism and protection technologies of under-deposit corrosion in oil and gas field development[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(4): 505-517.

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缓蚀剂	质量浓度/ （mg/L）	钢材	环境介质	垢层	缓蚀效率/ %	来源
Na₂S₂O₃	45	X65	CO₂饱和，3.5% （w/%） NaCl，25 ℃	SiO₂	94	[54]
NaNO₂	1 000	N80	0.25 mol/L NaCl，25 ℃	Fe₃O₄+ Fe₂O₃+ Fe （OH）₃	81.01	[55]
Na₂MoO₄					78.48
ZnSO₄					69.62
CeCl₃					84.81
吡啶季铵盐（BPC）	50	X65	50 g/L NaCl + 0.406 g/L MgCl₂· ?H₂O + 0.852 g/L Na₂SO₄+ 0.444 g/L CaCl₂+ 0.033 6 g/L NaHCO₃的模拟油田溶液，0.5 MPa CO₂分压，40 ℃	CaCO₃	39.48	[56]
喹啉季铵盐（BQC）					70.27
8-羟基喹啉季铵盐（BHQ）					80.15
吡啶（1-氯甲基萘）季铵盐（1-CPN）					80.22
硫脲（TU）	100	X65	16.61 g/L NaCl + 0.35 g/L KCl + 0.03 g/L Na₂CO₃+ 1.10 g/L Na₂SO₄+ 0.50 g/L CaCl₂+ 3.06 g/L NaHCO₃的模拟海上油田采出水溶液，CO₂饱和，25 ℃	SiO₂	72.65	[48]
硫脲（TU）				CaCO₃	92.45
1-氨基乙基-2-烷基咪唑啉（IM）				SiO₂	-50.49
1-氨基乙基-2-烷基咪唑啉（IM）				CaCO₃	57.20
1- （2-硫脲乙基） -2-烷基咪唑啉（TAI）				SiO₂	90.23
1- （2-硫脲乙基） -2-烷基咪唑啉（TAI）				CaCO₃	96.40
油酸咪唑啉（OIM）和烷基磷酸酯（APE）以等质量比（1∶1）混合	100	N80	2.587 g/L NaCl + 1.740 g/L NaHCO₃+ 0.323 g/L CaCl₂+ 0.070 g/L MgCl₂溶液，CO₂饱和，60 ℃	Fe₃C+FeCO₃	98.68	[57]
4, 6-二氨基-2- （苄基硫基）嘧啶（DABTP）	93	N80	62.36 g/L NaCl + 3.4 g/L KCl + 0.57 g/L CaCl₂ + 0.64 g/L Na₂SO₄ + 4.46 g/L MgCl₂·?H₂O +0.52 g/L NaHCO₃的模拟海上油田采出水溶液，8 MPa CO₂分压，60 ℃	—	99.97	[53]
				Fe₃C	98.08
				Fe₃C+FeCO₃	98.12
				FeCO₃	82.62