Fig. 1

Two multiple emulsion structures"

Fig. 2

Ostwald ripening and coalescence in multiple emulsions（W1:internal aqueous phase; W2:external aqueous phase; O:mediate oil phase）"

Fig. 3

Schematic diagram of interfacial composition of multiple emulsions:ideal distribution（a）; real distribution（b）"

Fig. 4

Optical microscope image （a） and confocal laser scanning microscope image （b） of the multiple emulsion （Reprinted from Ref. [8]）"

Fig. 5

PFG-NMR measuring of cumulative particle size distributions of the W1 droplets of the inner emulsion processed under conditions （■:Ultra Turrax 17 500 r/min; ●:Ultra Turrax 6 500 r/min; ▲:Ultra Turrax 750 r/min） （Reprinted from Ref. [10]）"

Fig. 6

Multiple emulsions determined by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） （the encapsulation efficiency can be calculated from the peak area） （Reprinted from Ref. [14]）"

Fig. 7

W/O/W emulsion stabilized by protein polysaccharide complex （Reprinted from Ref. [7]）"

Fig. 8

Principle diagrams of two different nanoparticle stabilized multiple emulsions and laser confocal microscope:O/W/O multiple emulsion （a, b）; W/O/W multiple emulsion （c, d）（red fluorescence from CdSe QDs, green fluorescence from coumarin 153 in oil phase） （Reprinted from Ref. [28]）"

Fig. 9

Structure diagram of self-emulsifying drug delivery system and dispersing in water medium （Reprinted from Ref. [36]）"

Fig. 10

Protection and sustained release effect of W/O/W emulsion on EGCG and quercetin:degradation of free EGCG and encapsulated EGCG, free quercetin and encapsulated quercetin （a）; Release of free EGCG and encapsulated EGCG, free quercetin and encapsulated quercetin （b）. EGCG is epigallocatechin gallate （Reprinted from Ref. [44]）"

Fig. 11

Rheological model of emulsion:O/W/O emulsion（a）; W/O emulsion（b） （Reprinted from Ref. [24]）"