Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the co-assembly of HA with phospholipids or mucins to form a brush lubricin structure （a）[10]; schematic illustration of the structure of mucins and the assembly of mucin monomers into oligomers （b）[11]; schematic illustration of the synergistic intermolecular interaction of natural lubricants to achieve excellent lubricating properties of articular cartilage （c）[12]"

Fig. 2

Stribeck curves for the three kinds of lubrication mechanisms （a）[7]; schematic illustration of the rapid exchange between water molecules in the hydration shell and the surrounding free water molecules under electrostatic repulsion （b）[21]"

Fig. 3

Schematic illustration of the preparation of hydrogel dressings based on HP-β-CD@I2 and DAC （a）; comparison of the moisturizing properties of the prepared hydrogels and the control samples （b）[34]; schematic illustration of the interactions between FB and TA in PAM/FB/TA and the dressing peeling induced by glucose molecules （c）[35]"

Fig. 4

Radiograph of knee OA （left） and the schematic illustration of the vicious cycle of OA caused by synovial inflammation through multiple pathways and mechanisms （right）[10]"

Fig. 5

Schematic illustrations of the preparation （a） and lubricating mechanism （b） of highly loaded pH-responsive super-lubricating CB polymers for OA therapy[39]"

Fig. 6

Schematic illustration of the therapeutic effect of PMPC-co-PDMA on DED through multiple mechanisms （a）[45]; schematic diagram of WGA-PEG binding to human gingival keratinocytes （b）; comparison of COF on the surface of porcine tongue tissue after treatment with WGA-PEG and control samples at different number of cycles （c）[48]"

Fig. 7

Schematic illustrations of the mechanism of preparing CMCS/CMCL/COL membranes by TGase-triggered cross-linking reaction and their anti-adhesion and degradation process[56]"

Fig. 8

Structure of PMPC and schematic illustration of its co-spinning with PCL to prepare electrospun fiber membrane （a）; superlubricated surface （b） and anti-tendon adhesion properties （c） of PMPC/PCL electrospun membranes[58]; schematic illustration of the preparation process of “superlubricated nano-skin” on SLNM surface and its super-lubrication performance （d）[60]"

Fig. 9

Schematic representations of the crosslinking preparation process and the formation of a coating on the inner surface of the catheter forPVP-co-PEGDA-co-MFP hydrogel （a）, as well as the schematic representations of the bacteriostatic （b） and lubrication mechanisms （c） of the coating [64]"