Fig. 1

Emission spectrum coverage and application of typical quantum dots [6]"

Fig. 2

Fluorescence change of QDs@SiO2 with the increase of Cd2+ concentration [14]"

Fig. 3

Photographs of CQDs solution in sunlight （a） and under 365 nm UV light （c）; the photographs of CQDs@AgNCs solution in sunlight （b） and under 365 nm UV light （d）[16]"

Fig. 4

Schematic diagram of structure of AuNPs"

Fig. 5

DTET modified AuNPs to construct Hg2+ colorimetric sensing [19]"

Fig. 6

DNA sequence templates for four different hairpin structures [22]"

Fig. 7

Construction of K+ fluorescence sensing platform by DNA-AgNCs structures [23]"

Fig. 8

DNA-AgNCs to construct a sensing platform for HIV gene sequence[24]"

Fig. 9

Treatment diagnosis platform based on MSN"

Fig. 10

Fluorescence images of the abdomen and back of nude mice after injection of PEG-UCNMs through the tail vein and images of various organs 2 hours after injection of PEG-UCNMs. In this organ image, from left to right, are skin, muscle, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and liver [33]"

Fig. 11

L-Arg/MB@MP in vivo therapeutic effects. Direct view of mouse tumor size in vitro [33] a: Saline（+）, b: MP （+）, c: L-Arg （+）, d: L-Arg@MP（+）, e: L-Arg/MB@MP, f: MB（+）, g: MB@MP（+）, h: L-Arg/MB@MP（+）"

Fig. 12

L-Arg/MB@MP in vivo therapeutic effects. Digital image of subcutaneous tumor in tumor-bearing mice [33]"