Abstract:

Organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants not only have the excellent performance of silicone materials, but also have the bactericidal, softening and antistatic properties of quaternary ammonium groups. Therefore, they are multi-functional surfactants and have attracted much attention for many years. Currently, based on relevant domestic and foreign reports, there are a variety of preparation techniques for organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts. The common methods of synthesis of organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts are as follows: The substitution reactions between halogenated hydrocarbon-based silanes and tertiary amines, the ring-opening addition reactions between epoxy silanes and tertiary amines, free-radical polymerization reaction, sol-gel reaction, etc. To overcome the shortcoming of long reaction period for synthesizing organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts, microwave and high-pressure treatment and catalysts have been introduced to improve the reaction rate. In this review, an overview of the molecular structure, synthesis process and application fields for silicone quaternary ammonium surfactants has been provided, both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, the current research status, existing problems and future development direction of the products have also been discussed.

Key words: quaternary ammonium salt, silicone, synthesis, surfactant, bactericidal