头基含羟基的季铵盐双子表面活性剂的合成与性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

A series of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants with hydroxyl in headgroups, butylene-1,4-bis[di（2-hydroxyethyl）alkylammonium]dibromide （abbreviated as m-4-m（OH）, where m=8, 10, 12, 14） were synthesized by two-step reactions with bromoalkane, diethanolamine and 1,4-dibromobutane. The structure of intermediate and final products were characterized by ¹H NMR and mass spectrometry （MS）. The surface tension （γ_cmc） and critical micelle concentration （cmc） of m-4-m（OH） in aqueous solution were determined by the surface tension and conductivity measurements. The emulsifying and foaming properties of m-4-m（OH） in aqueous solution were determined. It is shown that the aggregation of these Gemini surfactants are all spontaneous and the tendency of aggregation is increased with the alkyl chain length. The 14-4-14（OH） shows the lowest cmc （0.48 mmol/L） and γ_cmc （33.6 mN/m） among these Geminis. The cmc and γ_cmc of these surfactants in aqueous solution are significantly decreased due to the introduction of hydroxyethyl in the headgroup. The emulsifying property of m-4-m（OH） is better with the longer alkyl chain. The foaming property undergoes a maximum with increasing alkyl chain length.

Key words: Gemini surfactant, polyhydroxy, surface activity, emulsification, foamability

CLC Number:

TQ423

Ya SUN,Hua PAN,Fu HAN,Ya-wen ZHOU,Bao-cai XU. Synthesis and properties of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants with hydroxyl in headgroups[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 49(3): 135-140.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 22

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表面活性剂	γ_cmc/ （mN·m^-1）	cmc^a/ （mmol·L^-1）	cmc^b/ （mmol·L^-1）
8-4-8（OH）	36.8	5.92	2.63
10-4-10（OH）	35.8	0.61	0.55
12-4-12（OH）	34.4	0.50	0.49
14-4-14（OH）	33.6	0.48	0.42
8-4-8（Me） ^[15]	41.6	56.1	-
10-4-10（Me）^[15]	40.2	8.78	-
12-4-12（Me）^[15]	39.9	0.93	-
14-4-14（Me）^[15]	40.5	0.14	-

表面活性剂	cmc/ （mmol·L^-1）	α	β	ΔG_m⁰/ （kJ·mol^-1）
8-4-8（OH）	2.63	0.70	0.30	-22.49
10-4-10（OH）	0.55	0.76	0.24	-26.54
12-4-12（OH）	0.49	0.72	0.28	-28.43
14-4-14（OH）	0.42	0.36	0.64	-41.84

Synthesis and properties of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants with hydroxyl in headgroups

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